沈阳市养老机构老年人营养状态与认知功能的相关性研究

Correlation between nutritional status and cognitive function of the elderly in the elderly care institutions in Shenyang

目的调查沈阳市养老机构老年人营养状态与认知功能的状况,探究二者的相关性。方法采取便利抽样法,抽取沈阳市8家养老机构的60岁及以上的362例老年人作为研究对象;采用微型营养评估量表(MNA)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评价老年人的营养状态、认知功能;采用二元Logistics回归分析来确定老年人发生营养不良的危险因素;各因素之间的相关性应用Pearson相关分析;各统计学方法均以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果在本研究中,患营养不良的老年人有78例(21.5%),存在潜在营养不良风险的有103例(28.5%);患有不同程度认知功能障碍的老年人有188例(51.9%);月收入、多重用药、共病、指甲光泽度、认知功能、肱三头肌皮褶厚度是养老机构老年人发生营养不良及潜在营养不良风险的影响因素(P<0.05);养老机构老年人营养评分与MMSE评分呈直线相关,相关系数r=0.682(P<0.05)。结论养老机构老年人营养状态与认知功能显著相关。养老机构管理者要加强老年人认知功能筛查与评估,加强营养支持,注重营养均衡,从而提高养老机构老年人生活质量、促进健康老化。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and cognitive function of the elderly in the elderly care institutions in Shenyang,and to explore their correlation.Methods By convenience sampling method,totally 362 elderly people aged≥60 years from 8 elderly care institutions in Shenyang were selected as research objects.The nutritional status and cognitive function of the elderly were evaluated by the Miniature Nutritional Assessment Scale(MNA)and the Modified Mental State Scale(MMSE).Risk factors for malnutrition in the elderly were determined by binary Logistics regression analysis.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between factors,and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant for all statistical methods.Results In this study,78 cases(21.5%)of the elderly suffered malnutrition,and 103 cases(28.5%)had potential risks of malnutrition.There were 188 cases(51.9%)with cognitive dysfunction at varying degrees.Monthly income,multiple medication,comorbidity,nail gloss,cognitive function,and triceps skin fold thickness were risk factors for malnutrition and potential malnutrition in the elderly(P<0.05).There was a linear correlation between MNA scores and MMSE scores of the elderly in the elderly care institutions(correlation coefficient r=0.682,P<0.05).Conclusion There is a significant correlation between nutritional status and cognitive function of elderly people in the elderly care institutions in Shenyang.People in charge of the elderly in the elderly care institutions should strengthen the cognitive function screening and assessment,nutritional support and the balanced nutrition,so as to improve the quality of life and promote healthy aging in the elderly in the elderly care institutions in Shenyang.