能源公用事业部门商品属性及治理方式

Attribution and policy implications of energy utilities products

对能源公用事业商品属性的认识和治理方式的研究,是推动能源市场化改革的重要理论基础。为此,在排他性和竞争性的物品分类基础上,构建基于社会公共性质和技术发展水平的物品分类动态框架,并基于此分类框架,探讨电、气、热三类网络型能源公用事业的商品属性和治理方式。本文的核心观点认为:网络型能源公用事业提供的产品可区分为“能源品”和“运输服务”,其中能源品的商品属性趋近于私人商品,而运输服务趋近于准公共物品。能源公用事业治理方式的核心在于在体制机制上解构“能源品”+“运输服务”的传统运营模式,不断深化落实“管住中间、放开两头”的改革总思路,从而持续稳步推进能源体制改革。

How to define the property of energy utilities is an important theoretical premise to restore the attributes of energy commodities.To analyze the attributes of energy utilities,this paper constructs a dynamic analysis framework based on social publicity and technological development to extend the exclusive and competitive goods classification.And then,taking the three kinds of network energy public utilities of electricity,gas and heat as examples,this paper analyzes the commodity attributes and governance.The core point of this paper is that the products provided by network-based energy utilities can be divided into"energy goods"and"transportation services",of which the commodity attributes of energy products tend to be private goods,while transportation services tend to be quasi-public goods.The essence of energy utilities governance is to deconstruct the traditional operation mode of bonding"energy products"and"transportation services".The governments need to deepen the implementation of the overall reform idea of demand-side and supply-side flexibility while regulating the grid infrastructure.