林地细碎化、产权激励对林业生产要素配置的影响

The effect of forestland fragmentation and tenure incentive on the allocation of forest production input

2003年以来,中国各地陆续实施了新一轮集体林权制度改革及其配套改革,以激励农户加大林业生产投入力度。利用2010—2020年所开展6次跟踪调研获得的9省区、18县市、1062个样本农户2003—2019年长期大样本平衡面板数据,分析了因集体林地确权到户所带来的“林地细碎化”和“产权激励”的中介效应,测度了新一轮集体林权制度改革及其配套改革对农户林业生产要素配置的影响。结果表明:(1)集体林地确权导致了农户林地细碎化,进而减少了农户的林业劳动力和资本投入。(2)林地确权对农户的劳动力和资本投入具有正向激励,在考虑林地细碎化的负向影响后,总体上对资本投入的影响有限。林地确权对农户林业生产要素投入的影响存在区域和林种异质性。(3)不同集体林改配套改革措施对农户生产要素投入的影响不同,容易获得采伐指标显著增加了农户的劳动力和资本投入;造林补贴政策和获得林权抵押贷款显著增加了农户的资本投入。研究结论有助于理解集体林权制度改革对农户生产要素配置产生的影响及其机制,对深化集体林权制度改革的后续政策选择具有指导意义。

Since 2003,a new round of the collective forest tenure reforms(NRCFTR)and its Match Reform Measures(MRMs)have been implemented in China,aiming to encourage farmers to engage in forest production input.Based on the balance panel data of 1062 sample rural households in 18 counties,9 provinces from 2003 to 2019,by distinguishing the mediating effect of"forestland fragmentation"and"tenure incentive",this paper measures the impact of NRCFTR and MRMs on rural households'forest production input.Empirical results show that:(1)The NRCFTR intensifies the forestland fragmentation and thus reduces the rural households'forest labor and capital input.(2)Confirming collective forestland tenure has a positive incentive on labor and capital input of rural households,but the impact of the NRCFTR on rural households'forest capital input is limited due to the intensification of forestland fragmentation,and the impact of NRCFTR on rural households'forest production input displays regional and forest species heterogeneity.(3)Impacts of the MRMs on rural households'forest production input are different.Easiness to obtain Annual Allowable Cut(ACC)increased rural households'forest labor and capital input,and afforestation subsidy and using forestland as collateral for a loan raised the forest capital input of rural households.The research findings of this paper are helpful to understand the impact and its mechanism of collective forest tenure reform on farmers'allocation of production factors,and to provide follow-up policy options for deepening collective forest tenure reform.