性别差异、家庭困境与创业选择——基于千村调查数据的研究

Gender Differences,Family Distress,and Entrepreneurial Decision:A Study Based on Thousand-village Survey

基于创业者所嵌入的家庭结构视角,本文分析了家庭困境对农村女性创业选择和创业规模的影响。研究发现,农村女性创业的可能性显著低于男性,但是家庭陷入困境的女性创业的可能性显著增加;女性创业的资产规模和员工人数显著低于男性,且这种差异在困境家庭中进一步扩大。进一步研究发现,困境家庭的创业女性缺乏工作技能、打工经历、管理经历,并且倾向于选择轻资产的服务业,是导致其创业规模偏低的原因。本文结论丰富了创业理论中性别差异的研究成果,并为改善农村创业环境、促进性别平等、制定差异化扶持政策提供了理论支撑。

This study draws on family embeddedness perspective and work family conflict theory to analyze how family distress,measured by family members'disability,illness,death,and divorce,affect men's and women's entrepreneurial decision and entrepreneurial size.The main findings show that rural women are less likely to pursue entrepreneurship than men,and this association is positively moderated by family distress.Also,women underperform men in terms of firm assets and employees.This gender gap is enlarged if the family is in distress.Further study shows that this could be explained by that women have less industry experiences and are more likely to self-select into low asset industries.This study contributes to gender study and work-family conflict theory and provides policy implications for improving entrepreneurship environment and gender equality in rural areas.