焦谷氨酰类生物活性肽的研究进展

Research Progress of Pyroglutamyl Bioactive Peptides

生物活性肽是来源于蛋白质的多功能化合物,因其天然、无毒副作用、独特的营养特性和生理功能逐渐成为国内外研究的热点。焦谷氨酰类生物活性肽的肽链N末端含有焦谷氨酸残基,是富含谷氨酰胺的蛋白原料经酶解、热加工后得到的蛋白水解物中的特征性短肽。焦谷氨酰类生物活性肽具有抵抗外切酶消化的突出特点进而能够在机体中发挥相应的靶向生物活性。文章总结了当前焦谷氨酰类生物活性肽的制备、分离、纯化及结构鉴定研究方法,对焦谷氨酰肽的消化吸收特性及其在护肝、抗炎、抗抑郁和抗肿瘤等方面的研究进展进行了梳理,并对焦谷氨酰类生物活性肽的开发应用前景进行了分析,旨在为以核心功能因子为主要成分的食源性生物活性肽类功能原料的开发及其作用机制研究提供参考。

Bioactive peptides are multifunctional compounds derived from proteins,which have become the focus of research at home and abroad due to their natural,non-toxic side effects,unique nutritional properties and physiological functions.Pyroglutamyl bioactive peptides contain pyroglutamic acid residues at the N-terminal of the peptide chain,which is a characteristic short peptide in protein hydrolysates obtained from glutamine-rich protein raw materials after enzymolysis and hot processing.Pyroglutamyl bioactive peptides have prominent characteristics of resistance to exonuclease digestion and thus can exert corresponding targeted biological activities in the body.In this paper,the preparation,isolation,purification and structural identification of pyroglutamyl bioactive peptides were summarized.The digestion and absorption characteristics of pyroglutamyl peptides and the research progress in liver protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-depression and anti-tumor aspects were reviewed,and the development and application prospects of pyroglutamyl bioactive peptides were analyzed.The aim of this study was to provide reference for the development and mechanism of foodborne bioactive peptides with core functional factors as the main components.