互联网参与农村相对贫困治理的路径研究

Study on the Path of Internet Participation in Rural Relative Poverty Governance

中国已全面摆脱绝对贫困,建立解决相对贫困的长效机制、实现共同富裕成为下一阶段的重要目标。统筹考虑相对贫困与多维贫困,构建多维相对贫困指标,能够为巩固脱贫成果、缩小城乡差距提供更具多样化的思路。作为能够有效兼顾二者的途径,网络扶贫在贫困治理中扮演着日益重要的角色。本文基于CFPS(2018年)数据,用Probit模型证实了互联网使用对改善农村家庭相对贫困及多维相对贫困状况有显著作用,并通过中介效应模型检验发现“促进电商参与,降低金融排斥”以及“促进非农就业,丰富收入来源”是互联网参与相对贫困治理的有效路径。异质性分析表明这一作用与网络基础设施发展水平等因素有关。本文建议国家应进一步加强、细分、专业化脱贫地区的互联网基础建设,拓宽互联网知识普及与应用的广度并挖掘其深度,使互联网在农村地区发挥更大效用。

After China has completely eliminated absolute poverty,establishing a long-term mechanism to alleviate relative poverty and achieving common prosperity have become important goals in the next stage.Considering relative poverty and multidimensional poverty as a whole and constructing multidimensional relative poverty indicators can provide more diversified ideas for consolidating poverty alleviation achievements and narrowing urban-rural gap.As an effective way to take both into account,alleviating poverty through network plays an increasingly important role in poverty governance.Based on the data from CFPS(2018),this paper employs the Probit model and finds that Internet-usage has a significant effect on improving the relative poverty and multidimensional relative poverty of rural households.Using the mediation effect model test,we find that curbing financial exclusion and promoting non-farm payroll employment are effective ways for the Internet to participation in relative poverty governance.Heterogeneity analysis shows that this effect is related to network infrastructure development level and other factors.The government should further strengthen,subdivide and specialize the Internet infrastructure in areas lifted out of poverty,broaden the breadth and depth of Internet knowledge popularization and application,and enable the Internet to play a greater role in rural areas.