视盘倾斜的研究进展

Research Progress of Optic Disc Tilt

视盘倾斜是一病因尚存争议的神经眼科学疾病,目前认为胚裂闭合不良导致先天性视盘倾斜,即视盘倾斜综合征(tilted disc syndrome,TDS),巩膜延伸导致近视性视盘倾斜(myopic tilted disc,MTD)。成像技术的进步使视盘倾斜观测更加精确,但自动量化技术还有待研究。视盘倾斜可增加角膜散光和晶体散光,并发的视盘损害与视野缺损与青光眼症状相似。明确病因与诊断方法可进一步探索视盘倾斜与临床眼病的相关性,为相关眼病的诊治提供新角度。本文综述了视盘倾斜的分类、发病机制和诊断方法,分析其与屈光不正、青光眼的关系,以期为临床诊治提供新思路。

Optic disc tilt is neuro-ophthalmological disease whose etiology remains controversial.Currently,it is believed that malclosure of the embryo cleavage leads to congenital optic disc tilt,which is called tilted disc syndrome(TDS),and sclera extension leads to myopic tilted disc(MTD).Advances in imaging technology have made the observation of optic disc tilt more accurate,but automatic quantification technology remains to be studied.Optic disc tilt can increase corneal and crystalline astigmatism.The symptoms of optic disc damage and visual field defect are similar to those of glaucoma.Identifying the etiology and diagnosis methods can further explore the correlation between optic disc tilt and clinical eye diseases,and provide a new angle for the diagnosis and treatment of related eye diseases.This paper reviews the classification,pathogenesis and diagnosis methods of optic disc tilt,and analyzes its relationship with ametropia and glaucoma,in order to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.