美国对中亚五国教育外交的政策演进、行动路径与推进机制

The Policy Evolution,Action Path and Promoting Mechanism of America's Educational Diplomacy towards Central Asia

中亚五国位于亚欧大陆结合部,具有独特的地缘政治地位。美国为实现国际影响力及维护自身利益,自20世纪90年代中亚五国独立后,将中亚作为对外战略的重要对象。教育外交是美国对中亚战略的重要载体之一。冷战结束后,美国加强对中亚国家的教育外交行动,经历起步展开阶段、调整加强阶段、持续发展阶段和变局调整阶段,以期运用“促进民主”的对外政策,使中亚政治转型向“美式”发展。在教育外交行动中,美国主要采取创办海外分校、设立资助项目、开放教育资源、培训在职教师和开展媒介素养教育等方式,推动与中亚国家的全方位合作。在此过程中形成以战略规划为引领、项目合作为载体、资金扶持为保障、语言推广为纽带和质量评估为反馈的教育外交推进机制。

Located at the junction of the Eurasian continent,Central Asia has a unique geopolitical status.Faced with the temporary"power vacum"in Central Asia caused by the disintegration of the Soviet Union,in order to achieve international influence and safeguard its own interests,the United States has taken Central Asia as an important object of its foreign strategy since Central Asia became independent in the 1990s.Educational diplomacy is one of the important carriers of American strategy to Central Asia.After the Cold War,the United States strengthened its educational diplomacy to the Central Asian countries,and went through the initial stage,the adjustment and strengthening stage,continuous development stage,and changing situation adjustment stage,and used the foreign policy of"promoting democracy"to make the political transformation of Central Asia to"American"development.In educational diplomacy,the United States mainly adopted such assistance methods as establishing international branch campuses,setting up funding programs,opening educational resources,training in-service teachers,and carrying out media education,in order to promote all-round cooperation with Central Asian countries.In this process,an educational assistance promotion mechanism was formed with strategic planning as the guidance,project cooperation as the carrier,financial support as the guarantee,language promotion as the link,and quality evaluation as the feedback.