数字普惠金融、数字门槛与城乡收入差距

Digital Inclusive Finance,Digital Threshold and Urban-Rural Income Gap

数字普惠金融能够降低金融服务成本、缓解金融信息不对称,从而增强金融供给可持续性,收敛城乡收入差距,但数字鸿沟的存在可能会产生反向效果。本文主要研究数字普惠金融对我国城乡收入差距的影响机理和效果,以及数字鸿沟、数字门槛在其中发挥的作用。结果表明,数字普惠金融的发展总体上收敛了我国的城乡收入差距,但其发展广度、发展深度和数字化程度带来的收敛效果却有较大差异,并且在东、中、西部也存在不同;数字普惠金融通过促进就业和增加非农就业来收敛城乡收入差距。但是,收敛效果存在明显的门槛效应,当跨越一级数字门槛后,数字普惠金融对城乡收入差距的收敛效果减弱;当跨越二级数字门槛后,收敛效果却加强。因此,为进一步缩小城乡收入差距创造更好的条件,既要防止数字金融类企业利用垄断地位形成过高的数字门槛,又要加快数字金融基础设施的建设步伐。

Digital inclusive finance(DIF)can reduce the cost of financial services and alleviate financial information asymmetry,there by enhancing the sustainability of financial supply and narrowing the urban-rural income gap(URIG).However,the existence of digital divide may expand the URIG.This paper mainly discusses the mechanism and effect of DIF on the URIG in China,as well as the role of digital divide and digital threshold in it.The results show that the development of DIF has generally narrowed the URIG,but the impact of coverage breadth,usage depth,and digitization level are quite different,and there are also differences in the east,middle and west regions;DIF narrows the URIG by promoting employment and increasing non-agricultural employment;when the first-level digital thresh-old is crossed,the convergence effect of DIF on the URIG is weakened,and when the second-level digital threshold is crossed,the con-vergence effect is strengthened.Therefore,to create better conditions for further narrowing the URIG,the government should not only prevent digital financial enterprises from forming an excessively digital threshold by using their monopoly position,but also accelerate the construction of digital financial infrastructure.