北京市房山区298例青少年高血压患者血压节律影响因素分析

Factors affecting circadian rhythm of blood pressure in 298 adolescent hypertensive patients in Fangshan District of Beijing

目的 研究房山区298例青少年高血压患者的血压昼夜节律,探索影响昼夜节律的影响因素,为制定高血压防治策略提供科学依据。方法 于2021年1-4月对房山区298例11~18岁青少年高血压患者进行24 h动态血压测量,同时进行问卷调查,根据血压节律分成杓型组(n=155)和非杓型组(n=143),采用χ^(2)检验及二元logistic回归模型分析昼夜节律的影响因素。结果 非杓型血压组的夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压指标明显高于杓型血压组,白天平均收缩压、白天平均舒张压指标明显低于杓型血压组,P<0.05。静坐时间长是影响青少年高血压节律、使其表现为非杓型血压的危险因素(OR=3.619,95%CI:1.286~10.184)。结论 青少年应减少静坐时间,增加课间操、体育课等户外有氧运动时间,同时应关注自身心脏与心血管方面的健康状况。

Objective To explore the factors influencing circadian rhythm of blood pressure amomg 298 adolescent hypertensive patients in Fangshan District,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating hypertension prevention and treatment strategies.Methods Two hundred and ninety-eight hypertensive adolescents aged 11-18 years in Fangshan District were selected for 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and a questionnaire survey in January-April,2021.They were divided into the dipper type group(n=155)and the non-dipper type group(n=143)according to circadian rhythm of blood pressure.χ^(2) test and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors influencing circadian rhythm.Results The indexes of nighttime average systolic blood pressure and nighttime average diastolic blood pressure in the non-dipper type blood pressure group were significantly higher than those in the dipper type blood pressure group,whereas the indexes of daytime average systolic blood pressure and daytime average diastolic blood pressure in the non-dipper type blood pressure group were significantly lower than those in the dipper type blood pressure group(P<0.05).Long-time sitting was a risk factor that affected the adolescents’rhythm of hypertension and made them show non-dipper type blood pressure(OR=3.619,95%CI:1.286-10.184).Conclusion Teenagers should reduce the sitting time,increase the time of outdoor aerobic exercise such as physical exercises between classes and physical education,and simultaneously pay attention to their heart and cardiovascular health.