深圳市某街道10家石材加工企业职业病危害现状调查

Current status of occupational hazards in 10 stone processing enterprises in a street of Shenzhen City

目的 了解石材加工企业职业卫生现状及存在的主要问题,提出防护重点及对策。方法 随机抽取深圳市某街道10家石材加工企业进行职业卫生调查、检测与分析。结果 10家石材加工企业粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量11.0%~30.9%,各岗位矽尘(呼尘)均未超标;噪声以高频噪声为主,强度检测超标率84.4%;化学毒物挥发性有机组分中苯检出最多,主要存在于固化剂中,岗位职业病危害检测结果显示1,2-二氯乙烷检出率最高,为52.0%;职业健康检查结果纯音测听异常率达94.1%。结论 石材加工行业职业病危害较重,其中噪声是其关键控制点,要加强石材加工企业职业卫生的帮扶与监管,督促劳动者做好个人防护,企业加强有机溶剂源头管控及职业健康管理。

Objective To understand the current status of and main problems existing in occupational health in stone processing enterprises,and to put forward the key points of protection and countermeasures.Methods Ten stone processing enterprises in a street of Shenzhen City were randomly selected for occupational health investigation,detection and analysis.Results The free silica content in the dust of the 10 stone processing enterprises was 11.0%-30.9%,and the silica dust(exhaled dust)of each post did not exceed the standard.The noise was mainly high-frequency noise,and the over-standard rate of intensity detection was 84.4%.Benzene was the most detected component of volatile organic compounds,which mainly existed in curing agents.The detection results of occupational hazards revealed that the detection rate of 1,2-dichloroethane was the highest,reaching 52.0%.The results of occupational health examination displayed that the abnormal rate of pure tone audiometry was 94.1%.Conclusion The occupational hazards of stone processing industry are serious,and noise is the key control point of occupational hazards.It is necessary to strengthen the support and supervision of occupational health in stone processing enterprises,and urge workers to take personal protective equipments well.The enterprises should strengthen source control of organic solvents and occupational health management.