2016-2021年湖南省疟疾疫情特征分析

Epidemic characteristics of malaria in Hunan Province,2016-2021

目的 分析2016-2021年湖南省输入性疟疾疫情特征,为我省疟疾防治工作的持续优化实施提供科学依据。方法 收集2016-2021年全省报告疟疾病例的疫情数据资料,利用Microsoft Excel 2017软件对数据进行整理分析。结果 2016-2021年全省共报告疟疾547例,均为实验室确诊。包括389例恶性疟,93例间日疟,43例卵形疟,12例三日疟,10例混合疟。境外输入性病例542例,输入性间日疟继发病例4例,输血感染病例1例,无本地感染病例。92.25%的境外输入病例来自非洲;6.64%病例来自东南亚;另外大洋洲巴布亚新几内亚、南美洲奎亚娜分别输入5例、1例。报告疟疾病例数位居前5位的市(州),依次为长沙、邵阳、怀化、常德、郴州。男女性别比为27.8∶1,年龄主要集中在20~59岁(97.07%)。职业以农民、工人为主,分别占37.29%和19.74%。85.74%病例由医疗机构确诊,其中地市级、县级医疗机构为主要确诊单位。24 h内疫情报告率、3 d内流行病学个案调查率、7 d内疫点处置率分别为100.00%、95.80%、100.00%。所有病例均进行了规范治疗,无死亡病例。结论 湖南省消除疟疾工作成效显著。为巩固疟疾消除的成果,应继续加强输入性疟疾的监测和管理,防止疟疾输入再传播。

Objective To analyze the epidemic features of imported cases from overseas in Hunan Province during 2016-2021 so as to provide a scientific basis for the continuous optimization and implementation of malaria control work in Hunan Province.Methods Data about the malaria epidemic in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2021 were collected and analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2017 software.Results A total of 547 laboratory-confirmed malaria cases were reported in Hunan Province during 2016-2021,including 389 cases infected with Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum),93 cases infected with Plasmodium vivax(P.vivax),43 cases with Plasmodium ovale(P.ovale),12 cases with Plasmodium malariae(P.malariae)and 10 cases of mixed species malaria infections.There were 542 imported cases from overseas,4 secondary transmitted cases of imported P.vivax,and 1 case infected by blood transfusion.No indigenous cases were reported.92.25%of the imported cases from overseas were from Africa,and 6.64%of the cases from Southeast Asia.In addition,5 cases were from Papua New Guinea in Oceania,and 1 case from Quyana in South America.The top 5 cities(prefectures)with highest number of malaria cases reported were Changsha,Shaoyang,Huaihua,Changde and Chenzhou.97.07%of the cases fell into the age range of 20-59 years,with a male-to-female ratio of 27.8:1.The occupation distribution showed that farmers accounted for 37.29%,and workers for 19.74%.85.74%of the cases were confirmed by medical institutions,of which the municipal-and county-level medical institutions were the main units.The case reporting rate within 24 hours,the case epidemiological survey rate within 3 days and the epidemic site disposal rate within 7 days were 100.00%,95.80%and 100.00%respectively.All cases received standard treatment,and no death occurred.Conclusion Hunan Province has made remarkable achievements in malaria elimination.In order to consolidate the achievements,we should continue to strengthen the monitoring and management of imported malaria from overseas for preventing re-establishment of imported malaria transmission.