隐喻性英语言语动词的认知模式——一项基于语料库的研究

Cognitive models underlying metaphorical English speech verbs——A study based on a self-built corpus

学界对英语言语动词的研究有两个缺陷:一是当下研究仅关注了部分原型类言语动词,探讨的广度不够;二是这些研究没有借鉴当今语言学的显学——认知语言学的研究成果,特别是隐喻研究的成果来分析英语言语动词的生成理据,剖析的深度不够。鉴于此,本研究基于第九版《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》自建英语言语动词语料库,借助MIPVU隐喻识别机对自建语料库中的言语动词进行隐喻识别并分类标注。研究发现,隐喻性英语言语动词体现了多种和多层隐喻认知模式。多种隐喻认知模式包括从8个物理行为域、3个声响域(始源域)向言说域(目标域)映射。多层隐喻认知模式体现为“隐喻表达>概念隐喻>范畴隐喻”三级隐喻认知模式。多种隐喻认知模式是隐喻性表达在概念层面的概括,多层隐喻认知模式是隐喻表达、概念隐喻、范畴隐喻由具体到抽象聚合而成的隐喻认知系统。本研究再次验证了认知语言学家“心智具有体验性和思维具有隐喻性”的假设,为认知语言学的核心认知原则“现实—认知—语言”提供了有力的事实论据。

The previous studies of English speech verbs have two setbacks:one is that the studies are limited in scope,focusing only on a part of prototypical English speech verbs,and the other is that the studies are not in-depth or profound,as they are not conducted from the perspective of cognitive linguistics,one branch of the prominent linguistics,especially in light of the achievements attained in the field of the metaphorical studies to research the generative motivations of English speech verbs.It is for these reasons that this paper attempts to build a corpus of English speech verbs based on Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary(9th Edition) and identify and group the metaphorical speech verbs from the corpus with the help of MIPVU.It is found that cognitive models,which are various and form a hierarchy,are reflected in the metaphorical English speech verbs.The cognitive models are various in a sense that they consist of eight physical behavior domains and three acoustic domains as the source domains metaphorically are mapped onto the speech domain as the target domain.And the cognitive models are hierarchical in the sense that they are represented as ‘metaphorical expressions conceptual metaphors categorical metaphors'.So,in the former sense,cognitive models are the generalization of metaphorical expressions at the conceptual level,and in the latter,they embody a metaphorically paradigmatic system from concreteness to abstraction.The present study has verified the two basic cognitive hypotheses that mind is embodied and that thought is metaphorical.It has provided enough evidence for the core cognitive principle “reality—cognition—language”.