论事实认定的认知规范结构——以审判主体信念为中心

The epistemic norms' structure in fact-finding:an analysis centered on the fact-finder's belief

事实认定的认知规范结构,指事实认定者在展开证据推理活动时内在的、应然的认知路径结构。唯有遵循理性的认知规范结构,事实认定者的信念方能获得证成。大体而言,“证据”与“解释”是建构事实认定之认知规范结构的两个核心锚点。解释性证据主义理论阐释了“证据”与“解释”在认知证成中的一般性关系,也为建构事实认定的认知规范结构提供了理论支撑。通过深入分析认知规范结构,有助于揭示事实认定的认识论原理,推动证据规范建设和司法实践改良。

The epistemic norms' structure of fact-finding refers to the fact-finder's inherent and ideal cognitive path structure when they carry out evidence-based reasoning activities.The Fact-finder's belief can be justified only when a rational epistemic norms' structure is followed.In general,"evidence" and "explanation" are the two core anchors for constructing the epistemic norms' structure of fact-finding.The explanationist evidentialism explains the general relationship between "evidence" and "explanation" in epistemic justification,and also provides theoretical support for constructing the epistemic norms' structure of fact-finding.The in-depth analysis of the epistemic norms' structure can help to reveal the epistemological principles of fact-finding,and to promote the establishment of the evidence rules and the improvement of judicial practice.