稀土金属冶炼生产线的工艺设计

Process Design of Rare Earth Metal Smelting Production Line

分析了稀土金属冶炼现有工艺流程,稀土产品根据不同性质可分别采用氟化物体系熔盐电解法、钙热还原法、镧热还原法等工艺进行生产。提出了电解工序自动加料及自动出料的可行方案,加料环节采用小袋拆包机、自动加料机、控制系统组成的成套装置,可实现机械化上料、自动化加料、信息化统计分析;出料环节可以采用真空虹吸或机械手。提出了“三废”特别是废气的治理方案,粉尘几乎全部得到回收,氟固化为氟化钙综合利用,废气达标排放。

The existing processes of rare earth metal smelting are analyzed.Molten salt electrolysis with fluoride system,calcium thermal reduction and lanthanum thermal reduction can be used to produce different rare earth products in accordance with their properties.A feasible scheme for automatic feeding and discharging in the electrolysis process is proposed.A complete set of equipment consisting of a bale breaker,automatic feeding equipment and control system is adopted in the feeding process,realizing mechanized charging,automatic feeding,and information-based statistical analysis.The vacuum siphon or manipulator could be used for the discharging process.The treatment scheme of “three wastes”,especially the waste gas,is proposed with nearly all dust being recovered,fluorine being solidified into calcium fluoride for comprehensive utilizayion,and waste gas being emitted in compliance with standards.