《民法典》视角下公司法中“连带责任”的语义检视

Semantic Inspection of “Solidary Liability” in Company Law from the Perspective of Civil Code

《民法典》中的“连带责任”,具有连带债务与连带民事责任两种语义;公司法规范中的“连带责任”采用了这两种语义,但还存在诸多不妥当的用法。滥用公司独立人格而突破有限责任时,股东对公司债务处于承担无限责任的状态,不宜表述为“连带责任”。初始股东对其他初始股东瑕疵出资承担的“连带责任”,既非连带债务又非连带民事责任,而应参照一般保证之规则。瑕疵股权让与中,仅应由股东名册记载的股东承担瑕疵补足责任,不产生“连带责任”。协助抽逃出资后,在公司面前,董事、高管因违反信义义务而应赔偿,其他协助人因共同侵权而应赔偿,自然生成连带关系;在债权人面前,参与抽逃出资者各自因侵害资本充实而应承担补充赔偿责任,同样自然生成连带关系。

"Solidary liability"in the Ciwil Code has two semantic meanings:solidary obligation and solidary civil responsibility;"solidary liability"in company law adopts these two semantic meanings,but there are also many inappropriate usages.When the company's independent personality is abused,so that the limited liability is no longer adopted,the shareholders have unlimited liability for the debts of the company.This form of"Iiability"should not be expressed as"solidary liability".The"solidary liability"assumed by initial shareholders for the defective capital contribution of other initial shareholders is neither a solidary obligation nor a solidary civil responsibility;instead,it should take the rules of general guaranty as a reference.In the case of the transfer of defective equity,only the shar eholder registered in the share register shall bear the:responsibility for flling up the defect,and there is no"solidary liability,".After assisting in retrieving capital contribution,directors and executives should pay compensation for breach of their fiduciary duty。while other assistants should pay compensation to the company for contributory infringement,which naturally creates a solidary relationship;in relation to creditors,those who participated in retrieving capital contributions should bear the supplementary liability for the violation of capital enrichment,which also naturally creates a solidary relationship.