布依语■i^(6)的语义及语法功能研究

Semantic and Grammatical Functions of N ng■i^(6)in the Buyi Language

■■i^(6)在布依语中可以作为副词和语气词两种词类使用。作副词时,位置固定,置于中心语之前。布依语副词■i^(6)常见的位序有四种:■i^(6)+动词、■i^(6)+形容词、■i^(6)+副词和■i^(6)+名词(词组)/代词(词组),其语义指向可从“指”“项”和“联”三个角度进行考察。在语义表达中,布依语副词■i^(6)不仅能联系句中的被比较项,还可以联系在句中并未显现而仅在意念中潜在的比较项。作语气词时,■i^(6)没有词汇意义,只有语法意义,常位于句首和句中。句首语气词■i^(6)表示叙述即将开始;句中语气词■i^(6)突出强调句子后面的内容,在吸引听话人的注意方面起作用,可表示停顿和舒缓语气。

N ng■i^(6)in the Buyi language can serve as either adverb or exclamation.When used as an adverb,its position is fixed,that is,prior to the head word.The common orders for N ng■i^(6)are"N ng■i^(6)+verb","N ng■i^(6)+adjective","N ng■i^(6)+adverb"and"N ng■i^(6)+noun(group)/pronoun(group)",whose meanings can be probed through three angles,that is,"reference","item",and"link".In semantic expressions this adverb can not only link the compared item,but also the compared item that does not appear in sentence but is potential in notion.As an exclamation,N ng■i^(6)has no vocabulary meaning but only grammatical meaning,normally placed in sentence-final or mid-sentence.As a sentence-initial exclamation it expresses the coming narration;as a mid-sentence exclamation it highlights the content following its position,playing a role in attracting the hearers’attention and expressing pause and a relaxing mood.