孤独症谱系障碍者的事件性前瞻记忆:不同研究方法的比较

Event-Based Prospective Memory in Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders:A Comparison of Different Research Methods

国内外研究者主要采取实验室范式、自然情境模拟范式以及主观报告测量法对孤独症谱系障碍者的事件性前瞻记忆(Event-based Prospective Memory,EBPM)开展了研究。对于孤独症谱系障碍者是否存在EBPM的不足,现有实证结论是混杂的,不一致的研究结果可能与不同研究方法的特点有关。为全面了解孤独症谱系障碍者的EBPM状况,有必要对来自不同研究方法的证据进行交叉比较与综合分析。总体而言,孤独症谱系障碍者在实验室情境、自然模拟情境和真实生活中具有EBPM的损伤。然而研究也表明,通过提供不同的支持性因素,可以改善孤独症谱系障碍者的EBPM表现。最后,本文提出了孤独症谱系障碍者EBPM研究的方法论反思及启示。

Event-based Prospective Memory(EBPM)in persons with autism spectrum disorders(ASD)has been investigated by domestic and international researchers using a laboratory paradigm,a natural context simulation paradigm,as well as a subjective report measurement.Existing empirical findings on whether there is an impairment of EBPM in persons with autism are mixed,and inconsistent results may be related to the characteristics of different research methods.In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the status of EBPM in persons with autism spectrum disorders a cross-comparison and synthesis of evidence from different research methods is necessary.In general,those persons have impairments of EBPM in the laboratory situations,simulated situations and real life settings.However,studies have shown that EBPM performances in persons with autism can be improved by providing different supportive factors.Finally,methodological reflections and implications are proposed.