1923年关东大地震期间日本暴力排华事件始末

Japan’s Exclusion of Chinese Labourers after the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923

论文基于日本和中国台湾未刊档案,梳理分析了1923年以前日本的排华立法和排华风潮;1923年关东大地震期间日本屠杀、收容与遣返华工的始末与中国方面的应对,这一恶性排华事件的原因和影响及近代日本排华运动的独特性。研究显示,1923年日本排华事件,是蔑华思潮、排华政策、经济冲突和自然灾害等多重因素共同作用的结果,是日本政府主导的排华运动的必然产物。事后,日本政府销毁罪证,公然否认屠杀,全面升级排华,对日本华侨社会的发展和中日关系的走向均产生了严重的负面影响。以史鉴今,梳理近代日本排华脉络,揭橥日本社会排华本质,具有重要的历史与现实意义。

Based on unpublished archives held in Japan and Taiwan,China,this paper integrates the backdrop to Japan’s anti-Chinese legislation before 1923.Subsequent to the Great Kanto Earthquake,Japan witnessed an array of incidents against Chinese labourers including massacre,detention and repatriation.This anti-Chinese movement was attributed to multiple factors.Japan’s existing policy on Chinese exclusion,prolonged racial prejudice against Chinese within the Japanese society,natural disaster,economic recession,and so forth,all played a part.Nevertheless,the Japanese Government may be primarily responsible,in particular due to its efforts thereafter in destroying relevant evidence and denying the massacre,which led to escalation of the anti-Chinese movement and hence a profound impact undermining the Sino-Japanese relationship.Reflecting the past,this study may also be a useful reference for Japan and China to face up to each other on history in contemporary times.