中国区域经济发展与政策体系演化——基于动力视角的三维分析框架

China's regional economic development and policy system evolution:A three-dimensional analysis framework based on dynamic perspective

当前中国宏观经济虽已初步实现发展目标,但仍深受外部环境和自身结构影响。回顾历史,中国区域经济从近代萌芽和起步,到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才形成发展模式,区域发展由自发转向使动阶段。对比3次区域经济实践后,本文发现区域发展战略与区域发展阶段相对应,并依次形成沿海与内陆、三大地带、四大板块的发展格局。本文进一步通过梳理文献和历史事实,确定了中国区域经济发展的历史起点、划分标准、划分方案,总结出区域发展中的3条主线和3对矛盾,即市场化改革中的政府与市场关系、经济地带分化中的沿海与内陆关系和城镇化历程中城市与农村的关系。因而将中国区域发展的时空过程构建成三维模型,并基于经济体系现代化视角提出新的区域经济历史阶段:工业经济、特区经济、地区经济、区域经济和城市网络经济。最后,以城镇化为视角,本文提出不同城镇化水平与阶段下区域政策依次应该为产业政策、要素政策和财税政策。

Despite the initial development goals achieved,China's macro-economy is still deeply affected by the external environment and stuck in its own structure at the same time.In retrospect,not until 1949 with the founding of the People's Republic of China did China's budding regional economy witness the prominence of a fixed development pattern shifting from a spontaneous to an actuating one.After comparing the three regional economic practices,this paper finds that each development stage has its corresponding development strategy.At the same time,several development patterns,namely,the coastal and inland areas,the three regions,and four plates were formed accordingly.Furthermore,through combing the literature and historical facts,this paper determines the historical starting point,division criteria and division scheme of China's regional economic development before summarizing three main lines and also contradictions therein:the government-market relations against the background of market reform,the coastal-inland relations against the tide of economic zonation,and the urban-rural relations against the trend of urbanization.Based on the above,the paper constructs a three-dimensional model out of the spatio-termporal process of China's regional development before proposing new historical stages from the perspective of economic system modernization.These historical stages are:industrial economy,special zone economy,district economy,regional economy and urban network economy.Finally,from the urbanization angle,this paper concludes that for different urbanization stages,regional policies should be industrial policies,factor policies,fiscal and tax policies sequentially.