多元流空间视角下粤港澳大湾区城市生态位研究

Urban niche in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from the perspective of multiple space of flows

基于多元有向流矩阵和社会网络分析方法,扩展优化城市生态位内涵和测度方法体系,构建流空间视角下城市群城市生态位研究框架,并以粤港澳大湾区为例深入剖析城市的“态—势”特征,揭示各城市生态位和竞合关系。研究发现:整体势方面,粤港澳大湾区城际要素流的位序—规模分布在就业服务流、经济服务流、知识流和生态服务流层面呈首位型,在信息流层面呈集中型,在综合流和合作流层面分布较为均衡,呈对数正态分布模式;局部势方面,不同要素流中城市种群划分各异,相互交织形成多维“核心—区域核心—边缘”流强度等级结构,其中“港深”“广佛”和“珠澳”的跨市合作最为密切,同时“广佛肇”“深莞惠”和“珠中江”三大内陆城市种群初见苗头;宏观态方面,各城市在城市群落不同要素流中扮演着不同的角色,可分为扩散型、受益型、均衡型、孤立型和中介型5类,而通过各要素矩阵下的城际优势流分析又可将城市在城市群中的参与模式分为全域型和局部型2类;微观态方面,粤港澳大湾区内部存在着复杂的伙伴城市与竞争城市关系,共形成11对互惠型伙伴城市、7对互补型伙伴城市、42对强竞争城市和31对弱竞争城市。本文基于流数据扩展了城市群生态位研究视角,构建了城市群空间结构优化和区域竞合关系改善的新思路,以期为粤港澳大湾区建设世界一流城市群提供有价值的决策依据。

Based on the multi-directional flow matrix and the social network analysis,the paper proposes a system extending and optimizing the connotation and measurement of urban niche,constructs a research framework of urban niche in urban agglomerations from the perspective of space of flows,and takes the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)as a case to dissect the"ecostate-ecorole"characteristics of cities,revealing niche and competition and cooperation relationships of cities.The study shows that:(1)In terms of the overall ecorole,the rank-size distribution of inter-city factor flows in the GBA is the primacy ratio distribution at the level of employment service flow,economic service flow,knowledge flow and ecological service flow,while it is the centralized one at the level of information flow,and the balanced one at the level of comprehensive flow and cooperation flow,with a log-normal distribution pattern.(2)In terms of local ecorole,the city group varies depending on factor flows and is interweaved with each other to form a multi-dimensional flow intensity structure of"core-regional core-margin",of which,Hong Kong and Shenzhen,Guangzhou and Foshan,Zhuhai and Macao,share the closest inter-city cooperation.Meanwhile,three inland city groups show signs,namely,"Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing","Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou"and"Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen".(3)In terms of macro ecostate,cities play different roles in different factor flows of urban agglomerations,which can be summarized into five types:diffused,benefited,balanced,isolated and intermediary.Also,the participation modes of cities in clusters can be grouped as participation in full and in part,according to the analysis of intercity dominant flow in each factor matrix.(4)In terms of micro ecostate,cities share complex partnership and competitive relationship.There are 11 pairs of reciprocal partners,7 pairs of complementary partners,42 pairs of fierce competitors and 31 pairs of mild competitors.Based on the flow data,the paper broadens the perspective of study on urban niche of urban agglomerations,and puts forward a new idea of improving the spatial structure of urban agglomerations and regional competition and cooperation relationships,so as to provide a valuable decisionmaking basis for building the GBA into the world-class city cluster.