邻近视角下长三角城市多尺度创新网络形成的微观机制

The micro-mechanisms of the formation of multi-scale urban innovation networks in the Yangtze River Delta megalopolis from the perspective of proximity

多维邻近性是促进知识流动与构建创新网络的重要力量,但邻近视角下个体间的社会关系影响多尺度创新网络形成的微观机制尚不明晰。本文以长三角为研究对象,通过对926名“Web of Science”核心合集论文的通讯作者进行问卷调查,识别论文合作者之间的社会关系并构建城市创新网络,探究了个体层面多维邻近性影响长三角城市多尺度创新网络形成的微观机制及其差异。研究发现:(1)论文合作者之间的社会关系主要可分为地缘、学缘和业缘3种类型,分别通过地理、认知和社会邻近性促进不同尺度下的知识流动,能较好地解释长三角城市多尺度创新网络形成的微观机制。(2)整体而言,地缘关系主要通过间接路径对不同尺度知识流动产生影响,学缘关系的影响在3个尺度均有体现,业缘关系的影响主要体现在国家尺度,而对外创新联系较强的城市也往往具有更加多元的关系表现形式。(3)与业缘关系相比,学缘关系对长三角各个尺度城市创新网络的总体影响程度更强,表明个体层面的认知邻近性比社会邻近性更有利于促进知识流动。(4)基于学缘的师生关系和基于业缘的项目合作关系对长三角不同尺度城市创新网络的形成均具有显著影响,但前者主要由于人才流动而产生隐性知识的转移和共享,后者主要表现为在具有较强创新能力的城市之间形成的一种相对固化的合作匹配模式。

Multidimensional proximity is a major driving force for promoting knowledge flows and forming innovation networks,but from the perspective of proximity,the micromechanisms through which inter-individual social relations influence the formation of multiscale innovation networks remains unclear.Taking the Yangtze River Delta megalopolis as the research region,and conducting questionnaire surveys of 926 corresponding authors who have published papers in Web of Science Core Collection,this paper identifies social relations of paper co-authors and builds a multi-scale urban innovation network to explore the influence of multidimensional proximity between individuals on the formation of multi-scale urban innovation networks.The study finds that:(1)The social relations of paper co-authors can be divided into three types:geography,learning,and business ties.They promote knowledge flow at different scales through geographic,cognitive,and social proximity,which can explain the micro-mechanisms of the formation of multi-scale urban innovation networks in the study region.(2)In general,the influence of geography ties on knowledge flow at different scales is indirect,the influence of learning ties is reflected at the megalopolitan,national,and global scales,and the influence of business ties is mainly reflected at the national scale.In addition,cities with stronger external innovation connections tend to have more diverse manifestations of the geography,learning,and business ties.(3)Compared with business ties,learning ties exert a stronger overall impact on urban innovation network at each scale,indicating that cognitive proximity at the individual level is more conducive to promoting knowledge flows than social proximity.(4)Both the supervisor-student relationship based on learning ties and project-based relationship based on business ties play significant roles in the formation of urban innovation networks at different scales.The former is mainly presented due to the transfer and sharing of tacit knowledge during the flows of talents,the latter is mainly manifested by a relatively solidified cooperative matching mode formed between cities with stronger innovation capabilities.