积极团体心理辅导对新入职护士心理资本及转型冲击的影响

The influence of positive group counseling on psychological capital and transformation impact of new nurses

目的探讨积极心理学取向的团体心理辅导对新入职护士心理资本、职场适应及转型冲击的干预效果。方法97名新入职护士随机分为积极团体心理辅导组30名、心理健康讲座组29名和空白对照组38名。心理健康讲座组接受每周1次,1次1.5 h,共为期6 w的心理健康讲座,积极团体心理辅导组接受每周1次,一次2 h,为期6 w的积极团体心理辅导,比较干预前、后三组新入职护士心理资本量表、护士职场适应量表及新入职护士转型冲击评价量表的得分情况。结果积极团体心理辅导组在干预前、后各量表总分及维度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);心理健康讲座组在干预前、后仅有护士心理资本量表总分、效能维度、抗挫折维度、乐观维度及转型冲击量表中的身体维度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);空白对照组干预前、后各量表总分及维度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两两比较,积极团体心理辅导组患者干预后的新入职护士转型冲击评价量表总分及维度得分均低于心理健康讲座组和空白对照组,心理健康讲座组患者干预后的转型冲击量表总分及维度得分也低于空白对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);积极团体心理辅导组患者干预后心理资本水平及护士职场适应水平均高于心理健康讲座组和空白对照组,心理健康讲座组患者干预后的转型冲击量表总分及维度得分也高于空白对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论积极团体心理辅导可有效提高新入职护士的心理资本及职场适应能力,提高职业认同感,减少转型冲击带来的影响,从而有利于稳定护理队伍,以期为新时期医院对新入职护士的培养提供新的视角和实证依据。

Objective To explore the effect of positive psychology oriented group psychological counseling on psychological capital,workplace adaptation and transition shock of newly recruited nurses.Methods A total of 97 newly admitted nurses were randomly divided into positive group counseling group(30 cases),mental health lecture group(29 cases)and blank control group(38 cases).The mental health lecture group received 6 weeks of mental health talk once a week for 1.5 hours,while the positive group counseling group received 6 weeks of positive group counseling once a week for 2 hours.The scores of psychological capital scale,nurses'workplace adaptability scale(NWAS)and transition shock of newly graduated nurses scale(TSNGNS)were compared before and after the intervention.Results There were statistically significant differences in the total score and dimension scores of each scale between the positive group counseling group before and after intervention(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the total score of psychological capital scale,efficacy dimension,anti-frustration dimension,optimism dimension and physical dimension of TSNGNS in the mental health lecture group before and after intervention(P<0.05).There were no statistical differences in the total scores and dimensions of each scale before and after intervention in the blank control group(P>0.05).After intervention,positive group counseling group's TSNGNS scores and dimension scores were lower than mental health lecture group and the blank control group.After the intervention,the mental health lecture group's TSNGNS scores and dimension scores were lower than the blank control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the psychological capital level and nurses'workplace adaptation level of the positive group counseling group were higher than those of the mental health lecture group and the blank control group,and the total score and dimension score of TSNGNS of the mental health lecture group were higher than those of the blank control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Positive group psychological counseling can effectively improve the psychological capital and workplace adaptability of newly recruited nurses,improve the professional identity,and reduce the impact of transition shock,which is conducive to the stability of the nursing team.It provides a new perspective and empirical basis for the training of newly recruited nurses in the hospital in the new era.