新知·国故·教科·译名——民国时期国立编译馆的编译实践及优良举措考察

Western Knowledge,Chinese Classics,Textbooks,and Terminology:A Study of the Activ Good Practices of National Institute for Compilation and Translation in the Republic of China

国立编译馆是南京国民政府时期的最高官办编译机构,在民国社会有较大的政治和文化影响。本文通过爬梳一手档案材料,详细梳理了国立编译馆在统一学术名词、翻译西洋名著、编审教科书、整理和译介中国经典四个方面的实践和成果。作为官办机构的国立编译馆推出了一些重要举措:1.制度化的编译实践满足了国家治理的需求;2.集约型的智力配备充分整合了国内文化资源;3.“编-译-审”一体化,在互动和“接力”中共享项目成果;4.兼顾学习新知和发扬国故,坚持文化自觉和民族自信。国立编译馆的实践活动在中国的翻译史和教育史上具有承上启下的过渡作用,推动了民国社会的文化重建工作,对当代翻译与出版机构的运作也具有重要的启发意义。

National Institute for Compilation and Translation(NICT),as the highest government-run translation institute during the period of the Nanking National Government,exerted a strong political and cultural influence on the society of the Republic of China.This paper analyzes the practices and achievements of NICT in unifying academic terms,translating western books,editing and reviewing textbooks,as well as compiling and translating Chinese classics.Good practices carried out by NICT are summarized as follows:1)the institutionalized translation and compilation practice meets the needs of national governance;2)the intensive intellectual assembly fully integrates domestic cultural resources;3)the integration of compilation,translation and review helps share and relay its achievements;4)the balance between absorbing western knowledge and disseminating Chinese culture represents its cultural consciousness and national confidence.On the whole,NICT played a transitional role in the history of translation and education in China,which not only promoted the cultural reconstruction during the Republic of China,but also enlightens the operation of contemporary translation and publishing institutes.