新污染物有机磷酸酯生物地球化学过程的研究进展

Research progress on biogeochemical process of emerging contaminants organophosphate esters

有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)作为阻燃剂和增塑剂广泛应用于建筑材料和电子产品等材料,随着生产和使用量的增加,导致其普遍存在于各种环境介质中.作为一类新污染物,OPEs的环境行为及归趋引起了越来越多环境学者的关注.本文系统阐述了OPEs在环境中可能发生的物理、化学和生物过程.现有研究表明:(1)OPEs自身理化性质和结构(疏水性和π-π效应)是影响其迁移转化过程的重要因素;(2)复杂的介质环境(温度、pH值、溶解性有机质、氧化活性物种等)能够影响OPEs的大气传输/沉降、吸附/解吸、水解、光解、生物富集和植物吸收等过程;(3)OPEs在迁移转化中能生成二酯或单酯类产物(化学键断裂)、羟基化产物、甲氧基化产物以及其他小分子化合物等.针对目前的研究现状建议未来可重点关注OPEs在小型生态系统中多介质中的迁移转化过程与机制以及在迁移转化过程中生成产物的理化特性与生物效应等.

Organophosphate esters(OPEs)are the most widely used flame retardants and plasticizers in building materials and electronic products,etc.The increasing widespread use and production have resulted in their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment.As emerging contaminants,the environmental behaviors and fates of OPEs are attracting the attention of more and more scholars.In this article,the physical,chemical and biological processes of OPEs that may occur in the environment are systematically reviewed.Firstly,the physicochemical properties and structure of OPEs(hydrophobicity andπ-πinteraction)are important factors that influence their migration and transformation processes.Secondly,the complex media environment including temperature,pH,dissolved organic matter,oxidatively active species,etc.will affect the atmospheric transport/deposition,adsorption/desorption,hydrolysis,photolysis,bioconcentration and plant uptake of OPEs.Thirdly,diester or monoester products from breakage of chemical bonds,hydroxylation products,methoxylation products,and other small molecule compounds can be generated by OPEs in the processes of migration and transformation.The study puts forward a prospect for future research on the migration and transformation processes and mechanisms of OPEs in multi-media of microecosystems as well as the physicochemical properties and biological effects of the products generated during the migration and transformation.