江苏省自来水中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及风险评估

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in tap water from Jiangsu Province

为了解江苏省不同地区自来水中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters,PAEs)污染特征与风险水平,采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)定性定量分析法,对江苏省沿江8市40户居民自来水中6种优控PAEs进行检测,分析了PAEs的污染水平,并开展人体健康风险评估.结果表明,PAEs在40份水样中均有检出,∑PAEs检出范围为4.10-14.23μg·L^(−1),平均值为(8.43±2.76)μg·L^(−1).DBP和DMP是自来水中PAEs的主要组成成分,约占∑PAEs总浓度的50%,其中DBP检出率为100%.与全球其他国家和地区相比,江苏省居民自来水中PAEs浓度处于中等偏上水平.加热煮沸过程可以降低自来水中PAEs浓度,但程度有限.健康风险评估结果显示,研究区域内DEHP的致癌风险指数均小于最大可接受风险水平(1×10^(−6)),∑PAEs的非致癌风险指数处于8.18×10^(−3)-1.92×10^(−2),远小于1.江苏省沿江8市居民自来水已受到不同程度的PAEs污染,且有部分点位DBP浓度超过《生活饮用水规范》(GB5749-2006)限值(3μg·L^(−1)),存在潜在的健康风险.

Jiangsu were overall high compared with other countries and regions around the world.Heating and boiling process could reduce the PAEs content in tap water,but to a limited extent.The results of the health risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk indexes of DEHP in this study area were overall below the maximum acceptable risk level of 1×10^(−6).The non-carcinogenic risk indexes of ∑PAEs were in the range of 8.18×10^(−3)-1.92×10^(−2),much lower than 1.To conclude,tap water from 8 cities along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province has been polluted by PAEs by varying degrees.In addition,the concentration of DBP at some points has exceeded the limit(3μg·L−1)of‘Standard for Drinking Water Quality’(GB5749-2006),which has posed a potential health risk to human beings.