物与欲:老子道论展开的中心问题

Substance and Desire:The Central Issue in the Development of Lao Tzu's Tao Theory

老子基于理想政治中在上者对于民众管理的原则进行了哲学依据的思考,从而形成了以道论为中心的思想体系。在这个体系中,事物的基本属性与人的主观认识之间的关系是其中心问题。人把握事物是从特定角度进行的,由此认知事物的具体性质。但事物有存在的整体性一面,即它们有处于内在矛盾作用和外在系统调节之中的性质,这种客观存在的道性是不以人的意志为转移的属性。若人以特定角度出发的主观认识之“欲”去支配系统性的“物”,其结果将是对于事物发展自身积极性的破坏。在老子哲学中,“物”与“欲”是一对矛盾,人反映和支持物性以限制主观意欲为基本要求。

Based onthe philosophical basis ofthe principle of"the superior"inthe ideal politicsL,aoTzuformetdheiideological system centered onthe theory of Tao.Inthis system,therelationship between the basic properties of things and people's subjective knowledge is the central issue.People grasp things from a specific point of view,SO that thespecific nature of things.However,there is the integrity of existence ofsubstance,that is,they are inthe nature of internal contradictions and external system regulation,and this objective existence of Tao is an attributethat does not depend on human will.If Peoples's"desire"ofsubjective knowledge from a specificangle to dominate the systematic"substance",the result willbe thedestruction of thedevelopmentoftheir own enthusiasm fortthings.In Laozi's philosophy,"substance"and"Desire"are a pairof contradictions,which reflectand support thecondition1of limiting subjective desire.