北宋东京宫城“禁中”考论

Research on the Inner Court of Kaifeng Palace in the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋东京宫城西北部的“禁中”,是君主私人空间。此禁中自宋初以来不断调整、发展,其在绍圣四年(1097)的门户,东为迎阳门、会通门,南为垂拱殿后门、需云殿后门、龙图天章宝文阁后门与皇仪殿门,另有延春阁门为禁中的西北部出口,其范围小于以往学界所认为的“内朝”或“禁中”。内朝诸殿阁与龙图、天章、宝文等阁,实际上处于北宋的禁中之外。学界对北宋“禁中”概念的模糊认知,既受到当时文学语言的影响,也受到北宋晚期特定语境下的“禁中”与制度化的“真禁中”混淆影响,更受到南宋人对北宋制度错误认识的影响。与唐代相比,北宋禁中是较单纯的君主生活区,政治功能减弱,最显著的特点即内朝被排除在外,这是北宋皇权强化与士大夫政治的双重体现。

The Inner Court(禁中)in the northwest of the Kaifeng Palace was the private space of the monarch,which had happened series of adjustments after the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty.In 1097,there were Yingyang Gate(迎阳门),Huitong Gate(会通门)in the east,and the back gate of Chuigong Palace(垂拱殿),the back gate of Xuyun Palace(需云殿),the back gate of LongtuTianzhangBaowen Pavilion(龙图天章宝文阁)and the gate of Huangyi Palace(皇仪殿)in the south,as well as the Yanchun Pavilion Gate(延春阁)in the northwest.This study finds that the range of Inner Court was less than the Imperial Court(内朝)or Inner Court that supposed by academic cycles in effect.The Zhudian Pavilion(诸殿阁)in Imperial Court,Longtu Pavilion(龙图阁),Tianzhang Pavilion(天章阁),Baowen Pavilion(宝文阁)and other pavilions were actually outside the Inner Court during the Northern Song Dynasty.The vague cognition of the Inner Court was not only influenced by the literary language at that time,but also caused by the confusion between Inner Court in the specific context and the institutionalized True Inner Court,which was the misunderstanding extended from the cognition of Southern Song people.Compared with the Tang Dynasty,the Inner Court in the Northern Song Dynasty was a living room for the monarchs and its political functions were weakened.The most notable feature was the Inner Court excluded Imperial Court,which reflected a double manifestation with strengthening imperial power and the politics of scholarbureaucrats in the Northern Song Dynasty.