宋代高邮军行政地位的升降及其驱动力——兼论军政区设置的意义

Changes of Gaoyou Jun's Administrative Position and its Driving Force in the Song Dynasty

宋代高邮受到漕运、行政成本、政治改革、南北关系等因素的影响,政区性质在军、县、州之间数次变化。北宋初年为征伐南唐及强化对新获之地的控制,高邮由县升军。北宋中期的降县和复军,主要是受熙丰变法及漕运的影响。建炎年间为笼络薛庆,升其驻地高邮为承州,统辖天长军,割兴化县来属。绍兴初年,镇抚使失去价值,故废承州为县。绍兴末年高邮再次升军,此后政区性质未变,但辖县有所调整。孝宗朝兴化县两次割隶高邮军,这与其“北伐”失败后内修民政、经略江淮,以图收复中原的战略措施相关。军政区的设置满足了广阔地域差异化管理的需求,一定程度上弥补了宋代基层政区军事力量薄弱的缺陷,节约了基层行政成本,并使行政体系更具灵活性和稳定性。

Affected by many factors,such as grain tribute,administrative cost,political reform and northsouth relations,the nature of administrative district of Gaoyou(高邮) in the Song Dynasty changed many times among the Jun(军),county and state.In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty,Gaoyou county(高邮县) was promoted as Gaoyou Jun(高邮军),which aimed at conquering the Southern Tang Dynasty and strengthening control power over the newly conquered areas.The changes in the mid-term of the Northern Song Dynasty mainly influenced by Xifeng political reform(熙丰变法) and grain tribute.During the Jianyan period(建炎年间),Gaoyou Jun was upgrade as Chengzhou state(承州) that could govern Tianchang Jun(天长军) and Xinghua County(兴化县) in order to control Xue Qing(薛庆) and get the pacification.In the early years of Shaoxing period(绍兴年间),Chengzhou was demoted as Gaoyou county because it lost the military position.At the end of Shaoxing period(绍兴末年),Gaoyou county was upgrade as Gaoyou Jun again.Since then,the nature of administrative district of Gaoyou Jun had not changed,but the counties that Gaoyou Jun managed had been adjusted.During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong(宋孝宗) in the Southern Song Dynasty,Xinghua county(兴化县) was subordinated to the Gaoyou Jun twice,which was related to the strategic measures to recapture the Central Plains after the failure of The Northern Expedition.The administrative division of Jun accorded with the needs of different management in expansive regions,and made up for the weakness of military power in grassroots administrative district during the Song Dynasty.Besides,it saved the administrative costs,and made administrative system more flexible and stabilization.