谷子、水稻与其野生种基因组转座子比较

Genomic transposon comparisons of foxtail millet,rice and their wild species

为探究转座子(Transposable elements,TEs)在谷子、水稻驯化过程中的变异,选取谷子(Setaria italica)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、栽培稻(Oryza sativa japonica,Oryza sativa indica)、野生稻(Oryza rufipogon,Oryza nivara)的基因组进行转座子注释,统计分析各类转座子在基因组中的插入数及位置,对调控落粒、分蘖、抽穗期和株高等驯化相关基因进行相似性比对。结果表明:在‘晋谷21’突变体(xiaomi)基因组中插入的转座子数目比狗尾草中多4865个,‘豫谷1号’基因组中插入的转座子数目比狗尾草中少6286个,而水稻栽培种基因组中转座子数目及所占比例仅为野生种的1/2。在落粒、米色等驯化相关基因中转座子插入在数目及位置上都存在差异,在谷子落粒基因中,谷子基因存在转座子插入,而狗尾草基因中不存在;在谷子米色相关基因中,狗尾草基因中存在转座子插入,谷子基因中不存在。转座子介导驯化相关基因功能变异,历经较长时间的农业生产将适合栽培的农艺性状稳定了下来。

In order to investigate the variation of transposable elements(TEs)in the domestication process of rice and foxtail millet,transposon annotation was carried out on the genome of foxtail millet(Setaria italica),green foxtail(Setaria viridis),cultivated rice(Oryza sativa japonica,Oryza sativa indica)and wild rice(Oryza rufipogon,Oryza nivara),the insertion numbers and positions of various transposons in the genome of these species were statistically analyzed.Genes related to regulation of seed setting,tillering,heading and plant higher acclimation were selected in rice,and similarity comparison was conducted on the genomes of foxtail millet,green foxtail,cultivated rice species and wild rice species.The results showed that the number of transposons inserted in the genome of‘Jingu 21'was 4865 more than that in green foxtail,and the number of transposons inserted in the genome of‘Yugu 1'was 6286 less than that in green foxtail,while the number and proportion of transposons inserted in the genome of rice cultivated species was only half of that of wild species.There were differences in the number and location of transposon insertion in genes related to domestication,such as shattering and millet color.Transposon insertion was found in foxtail millet genes,but not in green foxtail genes,while in foxtail millet color genes,transposon insertion was found in foxtail millet genes,but not in foxtail millet genes.Transposons mediate functional variation of domestication-related genes,and then stabilize agronomic traits suitable for cultivation through generations of agricultural production.