儒家礼乐的新开展——贺麟的礼乐观

The New Development of Confucian Rites and Music:He Lin's View of Rites and Music

传统礼乐文明在近现代呈现为解体与重构的双重变奏。就对礼乐的现代性诠释而言,贺麟集民国学人之大成,强调礼的宗教性、道德性与艺术性的合一:一方面主张吸收耶教的精神以充实礼教的宗教性,这是对孔教派将礼宗教化的继承与超越;另一方面将康德在知识论中的先验感性时空引入行为领域,认为礼是道德律与由理性所规定的时空的合一,其时空标准,使得礼的行为具有艺术性。这是对王国维、梁漱溟、冯友兰、宗白华、朱光潜等人将礼艺术化的继承与发展。贺麟强调礼乐互渗,其对礼是道德的更高的艺术化阶段、礼教给人带来理性自由的系统论证,在中国现代思想史、美学史和艺术史上都意义重大。

The traditional culture of rites(Li)and music(Yue)is a double variation of disintegration and reconstruction in modern times.As far as the interpretation of the modernity of rites and music is concerned,He Lin's reconstruction of rites and music,especially rites,integrates the great achievements of scholars in the Republic of China,and emphasizes the integration of religious,moral and artistic nature of rites:on the one hand,it advocates absorbing the spirit of the Jesuit to enrich the religiousness of the rites,which is the inheritance and transcendence of Confucian church's attitude taking rites as a kind of religion.On the other hand,he introduced Kant's prior perceptual space-time in the theory of knowledge into the field of behavior,and thought that Chinese rites is the integration of moral law and space-time regulated by reason,and its space-time standard makes ritual's behavior artistic.Here ritual as the art has a solid philosophical foundation,which is the inheritance and development of Wang Guowei,Liang Shuming,Feng Youlan,Zong Baihua,Zhu Guangqian's attitude taking rites as the art.He Lin emphasized the mutual penetration of rites and music,especially the systematic argumentation that rites are the higher artistic stage of morality and that rites bring rational freedom to people,which is of great significance in the history of modern Chinese thought,aesthetics and art.