植物中L-谷氨酸代谢与信号转导研究进展

Advances in L-glutamic acid metabolism and signal transduction in plants

L-谷氨酸(L-glutamic acid,L-Glu)是植物中常见的氨基酸,在氨基酸代谢中占有关键地位,协调了植物的重要生理代谢功能,包括氨的同化或异化和氨基酸转氨作用,并为在植物抗逆境中发挥关键作用的氨基酸(如γ-氨基丁酸、脯氨酸和精氨酸)的生物合成提供碳骨架和α-氨基。L-Glu不仅作为代谢物和营养物质,更是作为信号分子在植物生理代谢中发挥重要作用,它参与种子萌发、根系生长、花粉管伸长、光合作用等生长发育过程,也参与病原体抵抗、非生物胁迫(如盐、冷、热和干旱等)应激响应。植物中L-Glu代谢与信号转导的研究对粮食产物的高产稳产具有重要意义,本文概述了植物中L-Glu的合成与代谢、在植物生长发育、胁迫响应中的重要生物学功能及缓解逆境胁迫的作用机制,为植物源性食品的开发利用提供理论依据。

L-glutamic acid(L-Glu)is a common amino acid in plants and plays a key role in amino acid metabolism,coordinating the important physiological and metabolic functions of plants,including the assimilation or isomerisation of ammonia and amino acid transamination,and providing the carbon backbone andα-amino groups for the biosynthesis of amino acids that play a key role in plant stress resistance,such asγ-aminobutyric acid,proline and arginine.L-Glu plays an important role in plant physiological metabolism not only as a metabolite and nutrient,but also as a signalling molecule,participating in growth and developmental processes such as seed germination,root growth,pollen tube elongation and photosynthesis,as well as in pathogen resistance and stress response to abiotic stresses such as salt,cold,heat and drought.The study of L-Glu metabolism and signal transduction in plants is of great significance for the high and stable yield of food products,this paper provided an overview of the synthesis and metabolism of L-Glu in plants,its important biological functions in plant growth and development,stress response and the mechanisms of action to alleviate adversity stress,providing theoretical basis for the development and utilization of plant-derived foods.