多组学诠释食源性致病菌小菌落变种形成分子机制研究进展

Multi-omics interpretation of the molecular mechanism of small colony variants of foodborne pathogens:A review

食源性致病菌在环境胁迫下可形成小菌落变种(small colony variants,SCVs),被认为是其抗逆存活的重要调控方式之一。SCVs的形成及防治给食品安全领域带来重大挑战,因为与正常细胞相比,SCVs通常具有较强的耐药性,而且能够抵抗宿主细胞的清除并存活数十年。当条件适宜时,SCVs细胞甚至能够在保持耐药性的同时,重新转变为快速生长细胞。随着生物技术的高速发展,多组学方法在微生物抗逆分子机制研究领域的应用越来越常见。基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和联合组学等手段大大增加研究者对细胞中基因调控及蛋白质表达关键途径的理解。本文就近年来食源性致病菌SCVs诱导途径及多组学诠释SCVs分子机制研究进展进行综述,并对冷链食品中金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs形成机制及低温耐受性研究进行展望,以期为建立针对性的安全控制技术,抑制食品加工中致病菌SCVs形成提供参考。

Foodborne pathogenic bacteria can form small colony variants(SCVs)under environmental stress and are thought to be one of the most important modalities for their survival.The formation and control of SCVs pose major challenges in the food safety field because SCVs are generally more resistant to drugs than normal cells and can resist clearance by host cells and survive for decades.When conditions are suitable,SCV cells revert to fast-growing cells while maintaining drug resistance.With the rapid development of biotechnology,it is more and more common to apply multi-omics methods to the molecular mechanism of microbial stress resistance.Genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics and co-omics have greatly increased researchers'understanding of key pathways of gene regulation and protein expression.This paper reviewed the recent advances in SCVs induction pathways in foodborne pathogens and the molecular mechanism of interpreted by multiple omics,and prospected the role of Staphylococcus aureus gene in SCVs formation and low temperature tolerance in cold chain food.The viewpoints are expected to provide a reference for establishing safety control techniques to inhibit the formation of foodborne pathogens SCVs in food processing.