马克思“类”概念的三次逻辑转换及其理论意义

The Three Logical Transformations of Marx's Concept of"Species"and Its Theoretical Significance

从《莱茵报》时期到创作《德意志意识形态》,马克思集中使用了一系列“类”概念作为话语叙事方法,这一叙事方法源自费尔巴哈的“类”概念,是通过主宾语的“颠倒”实现思维与存在同一的认识模式和批判方法。马克思的“类”概念历经三次逻辑转换,解蔽了“国家与市民社会二元分裂”背后隐蔽的二元论,消解了一切关于民主、人权、平等、自由等资产阶级意识形态的抽象性,指明自由的真正内涵是人的自由而全面的发展。厘清和探究马克思“类”概念的三次逻辑转换,对于理解马克思关于自由的真正内涵及其在此基础上实现的哲学革命和马克思的政治思想具有重要意义。

From the period of Rheinische Zeitung to The German Ideology,Marx focused on a set of concept of"species'which came from Ludwig Feuerbach's concept of"species"It is a cognitive frame and critical method to realize the identity of thinking and existence through the inversion of subject and object.Marx's concept of"species"underwent three logical transformations,which dispelled the hidden dualism behind the political state and civil society,dispelled all abstractions of bourgeois ideology about democracy,human rights,equality and freedom,and pointed out the true connotation of freedom that is the free and all-round development of human beings.This research is of great significance to understand Marx's real connotation on freedom and his philosophical revolution and political thought.