山地烟区不同专业化烘烤模式效能对比研究

Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Different Specialized Curing Management Modes in Mountain Tobacco Growing Areas

为探索适合于山地烟区的烤烟专业化烘烤模式,完善专业化烘烤运行机制,有效整合烤房资源和劳动力资源,促使先进烘烤模式在山地烟区有效落地。采用对比验证试验,分析比较了采烤分收一体化、承包式、互助式3种专业化烘烤模式在该山地烟区应用时的鲜烟叶入炕效率、用工数量、烤后烟初分效率、烘烤经济性状方面的差异。结果表明:采烤分收一体化模式在鲜烟叶入炕效率上较其他两种模式有着显著优势,利于烟农在山地烟区有限采摘时间窗口期完成田间烟叶采摘,实施炕内烟叶均质化烘烤;用工数量上,采烤分一体化模式用工成本最低,互助模式用工成本最高;烤后烟初分效率上,采烤分一体化模式用时最少,烤后烟初分合格率最高,对人力的利用效率也最高;在烤后烟经济性状方面,承包模式与采烤分一体化模式的烤后烟综合经济性状表现相近,整体都较好,互助模式烤后烟经济性状表现较差。综合来看,采烤分一体化专业化烘烤模式具有一定优势。

In order to explore the specialized curing management mode of flue-cured tobacco suitable for the mountain tobacco area,improve the specialized curing operation mechanism,effectively integrate bulk curing barn resources and labor resources,and promote the effective implementation of the advanced curing management mode in the mountain tobacco area.Through comparison and verification experiments,the differences in the efficiency of fresh tobacco entering the stove,the number of labor,the initial separation efficiency of flue-cured tobacco,and the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed and compared when the three professional flue-cured management modes of integration of collecting,curing and collecting,contracting and mutual assistance were applied in the mountainous tobacco area.The results showed that the integrated mode of collecting,roasting and collecting had significant advantages over the other two modes in the efficiency of fresh tobacco entering the stove,which was conducive to tobacco farmers to complete the field tobacco picking in the limited picking time window in mountain tobacco areas and implement the tobacco homogenization curing in the stove;In terms of the number of labor,the labor cost of the integration mode of collecting,curing and separating was the lowest,and the labor cost of the mutual assistance mode was the highest;In the efficiency of the initial separation of flue-cured tobacco,the integration mode of flue-cured tobacco had the least time,the highest qualification rate of the initial separation of flue-cured tobacco and the highest utilization efficiency of manpower;In terms of the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco,the comprehensive economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in the contracting mode and the integration mode of collecting,curing and separating were similar,and the overall performance was better,while the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in the mutual assistance mode were poor.From a comprehensive point of view,the integrated and specialized curing management mode has certain advantages.