自然联结与环境态度对儿童幸福感的影响——基于环境行为的中介效应分析

The influence of natural connectedness and environmental attitude on children's wellbeing:The mediating effect of environmental behavior

基于态度-行为-情境理论,引入主观幸福感变量,将环境态度分为保护和利用两个层面,考察自然联结和环境态度对儿童环境行为的作用路径,以及环境行为在自然联结与环境态度这两个变量和儿童幸福感关系间的中介效应机制。针对332份有效问卷的分析结果显示:儿童环境利用态度与自然联结、环境行为、幸福感均无显著关系;自然联结、环境行为均是儿童幸福感的前驱因素;环境行为在自然联结与儿童幸福感之间起部分中介作用;环境行为在环境保护态度与儿童幸福感之间起完全中介作用;环境保护态度和环境行为在自然联结与儿童幸福感之间起到链式中介作用。基于上述结论,社会、学校、家长应增加儿童与自然接触和户外活动的时间和机会,通过开展儿童环境教育课程和研学旅行活动,培养儿童的环境保护态度,丰富儿童与自然接触的方式,提升儿童幸福感。本研究所构建的模型以及相关结论丰富和拓展了儿童环境心理学方面的研究,尤其是在推动儿童环境行为与儿童幸福感的研究方面具有一定的理论意义。

Based on the theory of attitude-behavior-context,this paper divides the environmental attitude into two levels:preservation and utilization,on this basis,we introduce subjective happiness variables,and focus on the mediating effects of environmental behavior on the relationship between natural connectedness and environmental attitude.The results of332 valid questionnaires analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between children's attitude to environment utilization and their natural connectedness,environmental behavior and happiness.Natural connectedness and environmental behavior are all precursor factors of children's happiness.Environmental behavior plays a partial mediating role between natural connectedness and children's happiness,and environmental behavior plays a complete mediating role between environmental preservation attitude and children's happiness.Environmental protection attitudes and environmental behavior play a chain mediating role between natural connectedness and children's happiness.Based on the above conclusions,society,schools and parents should increase the time and opportunities for children's contact with nature and outdoor activities through environmental education courses and study tours for children,cultivate children's attitude of environmental protection,enrich children's ways of contact with nature,enhance children's sense of happiness.The model and related conclusions in this paper enrich and expand the study of children's environmental psychology,especially in promoting the study of children's environmental behavior and children's wellbeing.