一株野生口蘑的鉴定及生物学特性

Identification and Biological Characteristics of a Wild Tricholoma Strain

对1株采自青海的野生口蘑菌株进行形态学观察和真菌种属(internally transcribed spacer,ITS)鉴定,并研究其菌丝生长阶段的最适母种培养基、碳源、氮源、无机盐、生长因子、pH值和温度。结果表明,形态学观察及ITS鉴定该菌株为中国美味蘑菇,属担子菌纲,伞菌目,蘑菇科,蘑菇属。最佳母种培养基配方为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(potato dextrose agar,PDA)综合培养基配方,即马铃薯200 g,葡萄糖20 g,磷酸二氢钾2 g,硫酸镁1 g,琼脂20 g,水1000 mL;最适碳源为葡萄糖和麦芽糖;不添加氮源的条件下更利于其菌丝生长;在PDA培养基中添加不同无机盐和生长因子对菌丝长速影响不大;最适温度为25℃;最适pH值为7。

A strain of wild mushroom collected from Qinghai was identified by morphological observation and internal transcribed spacer.The optimal medium,carbon source,nitrogen source,inorganic salt,growth factors,pH value,and temperature for hyphal growth were studied.The strain was identified as Agaricus sinodeliciosus,which belongs to Homobasidiomycetidae,Agaricales,Agaricaceae,Agaricus.The optimum mother culture medium was 200 g of potato,20 g of glucose,2 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,1 g of magnesium sulphate,20 g of agar,and 1000 mL of water.The optimum carbon sources were glucose and maltose.Mycelial growth was greater without the addition of nitrogen sources.Different inorganic salts and growth factors in the potato dextrose agar had little effect on the mycelial growth rate.The optimum temperature was 25℃and the optimum pH was 7.