难加工材料超高速磨削亚表面损伤研究

Subsurface Damage in High-Speed Grinding of Difficult-to-Machine Materials

航空航天领域关键零部件往往采用高性能难加工材料制成,极差的可磨削性使得材料的高质高效加工成为难以突破的瓶颈。本文提出采用超高速磨削方法解决上述问题,并针对多种具有代表性的航空航天领域工程材料,包括钛合金、镍基高温合金、反应烧结碳化硅及铝基碳化硅开展超高速磨削试验,对材料表面完整性进行了表征和分析讨论。结果表明,超高速磨削可提高工件表层材料的应变梯度和温度梯度,改善难加工金属、陶瓷、复合材料的可磨削性,降低亚表面损伤深度,提高材料去除效率。本文的探索性研究为航空航天难加工材料零部件的高质高效加工提供了一条可行的技术路线,具有广阔的应用前景。

The key components applied in the aerial and aerospace fields are often made of high-performance materials that are always difficult to machine,which has become a bottle-neck problem hindering the development of related industries due to the lack of high-efficiency and high-quality machining methods for these materials.In this paper,high-speed grinding(HSG)is proposed to solve the problems with conventional machining of titanium alloys,nickel-based superalloys,reaction-bonded silicon carbide(RB–SiC),and aluminum silicon carbide metal matrix composite(SiCp/Al).The surface integrity of different materials after grinding at various conditions are characterized,analyzed,and discussed.The results show that HSG can increase the workpiece surface strain gradient and temperature gradient,reduce the depth of subsurface damage,as well as improve grindability and grinding efficiency for difficult-to-machine metals,ceramics,and composites.The exploratory research in this paper provides a feasible technical route for high-efficiency and high-quality machining of difficult-to-machine materials for broad application prospects in aerial and aerospace fields.