“回归孔孟”:黄道周《榕坛问业》对明代理学的反思

“Return to Confucius and Mencius”:The Reflection on Neo Confucianism in Ming Dynasty in Huang Daozhou’s Rong Tan Wen Ye

明代儒学大家黄道周在《榕坛问业》对《大学》进行的讨论,阐述了明善见性、物格知至、万物同体思想,彰显了尊道问学、体认先天、恢复本性、静定知止的工夫,试图解决当时朱、陆两家互为犄角及阳明后学悬空蹈虚之弊端,以汇合先秦儒家思想,进而重构理学性体。文章体现了明代末年天崩地解时期思想的复杂性和深刻性,展现了《大学》诠释的丰富性,具有引领后人不可偏执一隅、受限于朱陆之争,而应合理审视当下的思想冲突及对前人取精去粕化为己用的学术研究之精神。

Huang Daozhou,a Confucianist in the Ming Dynasty,discussed about the Great Learning in Rong Tan Wen Ye.He expounded the ideas like understanding goodness and nature,knowing the nature of things,and unifying things and human.It highlighted the methods of upholding and learning Tao,understanding the principle of congenital,recovering human nature,and being peace and knowing when to stop.He tried to resolve the dispute between the two schools Zhu and Lu at that time,and the deficiency of the post Yangming school.He combined the pre Qin Confucianism and reconstructed the Neo Confucianism.This article embodies the complexity and profundity of thought in the end of the Ming Dynasty,and the richness of the interpretation of the Great Learning,which played a leading role that reminded future generations not to be paranoid or limited by the dispute of Zhu and Lu,but to extract essence and turn it into their own use while reasonably examining current ideological conflicts.