试论青铜时代北非地区国家与部落间的交往——以新王国时期的埃及与利比亚人为例

On the Interaction between the Countries and the Tribes of North Africa during the Bronze Age:Focusing on the Contact between the New Kingdom Egypt and Ancient Libyans

在青铜时代的北非地区,国家与部落是人类社会常见的两种重要组织形式,两者之间的交往互动往往受到多重因素的影响。在新王国时期,存在于尼罗河流域的古埃及国家与相邻沙漠中的利比亚部落之间的关系,往往呈现出“冲突模式”与“共存模式”之间的有机转换。究其原因,地理环境、生产力发展水平、意识形态、社会结构和地缘格局等,都会成为影响该时期“农耕社会”与“部落群体”之间选择何种方式进行交往的重要因素。借助历史文献及考古证据对两者交往模式及动因的综合分析,是正确认识北非地区古代国家与部落社会交往规律的重要途径。

In ancient North Africa,nations and tribes were two important forms of organization in human society,and the interaction between them is often affected by multiple factors.Especially during the New Kingdom period,the relationship between the ancient Egyptian state in the Nile River valley and the Libyan tribes in the adjacent western desert,has often shown a flexible transition between the“conflict mode”and the“coexistence mode”.In fact,the factors like natural environment,productivity development level,ideology,social structure and geographical pattern,etc.,all can affect the choice of“agricultural society”and“pastoral nomad”for choosing the interaction patterns between them.Therefore,with the help of historical documents and archaeological evidence,a comprehensive analysis of the interaction patterns and its motivations between the Egyptians and Libyans provides a valuable perspective to correctly understand the rules of interaction between ancient states and tribes of North Africa.