“汉魏故事”与曹魏政权合法性的构建

“Han Wei Story”and the Construction of the Legitimacy of the Cao Wei Regime

所谓“汉魏故事”是指曹丕通过禅让方式获得刘汉天下的历史事件。无论陈寿《三国志》还是裴松之注,皆站在曹氏立场叙述这一事件,裴注援引《献帝传》更是以冗长的篇幅记述了禅让的整个过程。这一历史书写体现了曹魏禅汉的理论主张,即借助尧舜禹禅让故事阐释“天命不于常,帝王不一姓”等易代思想的历史合法性。该书写极力彰显曹丕才德,试图从理论上阐明非血缘继承的合理性。“汉魏故事”折射出的曹魏代汉理论表明,先秦以来政治文化中的“尊贤”与“亲亲”这对看似矛盾的政治理论,在现实中被巧妙地加以整合,成为当政者构建政权合法性的理论资源。“汉魏故事”所体现的禅让模式,对此后中国历代政权的更替产生了深远影响。

The“Han Wei Story”(汉魏故事)refers to the historical event that Cao Pi(曹丕)gained the regime of Liu Han(刘汉)through abdication.Both Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms(三国志)and the Notes of Pei Songzhi(裴松之)narrated this event from the standpoint of the Cao family.Pei's Notes citing the“Biography of Emperor Xian”,narrated the entire process of the abdication in a lengthy manner.This historical writing reflects the theoretical proposition of Cao Wei.At the same time,the writing also tried to highlight Cao Pi's talent and morality,attempting to clarify the rationality of inheritance of nonconsanguinity.The“Han Wei Story”indicates that the political theories of“Zunxian”(尊贤)and“Qin-qin”(亲亲)have been integrated and played a role in reality since the pre-Qin period,becoming the theoretical resources for rulers to construct the legitimacy of political power.The abdication mode reflected in the“Han Wei Story”has had a profound impact on the succession of political power in China's subsequent dynasties.