国际劳工组织首届亚洲劳工大会在中国的酝酿及其流产

The Brewing and Aborting of the First Asian Labor Conference of the International Labour Organization

第一次世界大战结束后成立的国际劳工组织为保护劳工权益而生,最初将工作重心放在欧洲,对其他区域关注不足。在亚洲代表的倡议下,召开亚洲劳工大会、解决亚洲劳工特殊问题被提上国际劳工组织的议程。日本和印度较早地主导了亚洲劳工大会的相关议题。南京国民政府成立后,中国方面积极参与其中,但因各国政府态度不一和中日关系紧张,相关议程进展缓慢。第二次世界大战全面爆发后,亚洲秩序发生深刻变革,中国开始谋求主导亚洲劳工会议,为此与印度之间曾发生短暂的举办权之争。作为妥协的结果,1947年印度顺利举办亚洲劳工预备会议,而拟于中国召开的正式会议却因国共内战而流产。亚洲劳工大会的具体筹备过程体现了亚洲劳工大会与劳工权益、亚洲秩序和国共政争的复杂关系,被赋予了超越劳工议题之外的意涵,显示了劳工权益保护背后所牵涉的国际秩序与国内政治角力。

After World War I,the International Labour Organization(ILO)came into being to protect the rights of workers.From the beginning,it focused on Europe and paid little attention to other regions.Therefore,it is reasonable to seek the convening of the Asian Labor Conference to solve the special problems of Asian workers.Japan and India led the agenda of Asian Labor Conference in early stages.After the founding of Nanjing National Government,China actively participated in it.After the outbreak of World WarⅡ,the order in Asia was deeply adjusted.China began to seek to lead the Asian Labor Conference.There was a brief dispute between China and India over the right to host the Asian Labor Conference.As a result of compromise,India hosted the Asian Labor Preparatory Meeting in 1947,while the formal meeting to be held in China was aborted by the civil war.The specific process of the Asian Labor Conference reflects the complex factors of the organization itselft and external influence,which has been endowed with more meanings than the labor force.It also shows the international order and domestic political struggle involved in the protection of labor rights and interests.