高职大专学生睡眠状况及影响因素

Sleep status and influencing factors among higher vocational college students

背景 睡眠障碍对人群身心健康及社会经济发展均会产生不良影响,高职大专学生承受着学习、就业和家庭经济状况等方面的压力,其睡眠质量可能会受到一定程度的影响。目的 探讨高职大专学生睡眠状况及影响因素,为改善高职大专学生睡眠状况提供参考。方法 于2022年1月-2月,采用分层随机抽样,选取成都市温江区5所高职大专院校的3 300名学生为研究对象。使用失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)进行评定。采用Pearson相关分析考查ISI评分与PHQ-9评分和GAD-7评分之间的相关性;采用Logistic回归分析考查失眠症状的影响因素。结果 检出2 497名(81.90%)高职大专学生存在失眠症状。不同性别、家庭经济状况、是否独生子女、学习或就业带来的心理压力、平均每天上网时长、体育锻炼以及是否有焦虑症状或抑郁症状的高职大专学生失眠症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.032、22.172、8.983、75.939、36.781、32.350、54.512、86.561,P<0.01或0.05)。高职大专学生ISI评分与GAD-7评分和PHQ-9评分均呈正相关(r=0.620、0.714,P均<0.01),GAD-7评分与PHQ-9评分呈正相关(r=0.824,P<0.01)。性别、家庭经济状况、学习或就业带来的心理压力、平均每天上网时长、体育锻炼是否达标以及是否有抑郁症状可预测高职大专学生的失眠症状(P<0.01或0.05)。结论 女性、家庭经济状况一般和很差、学习或就业带来的心理压力中等或较大以及平均每天上网时长2~5 h、5~7 h、>7 h及体育锻炼未达标、存在抑郁症状是高职大专学生出现失眠症状的危险因素。

Background Sleep disorder can adversely affect human physical and mental health,with important implications for socioeconomic development.And higher vocational college students are subject to various pressures and stimuli exerted by academic studies,job seeking and family socioeconomic status,which may contribute to the onset insomnia symptom or sleep disorder.Objective To discuss the sleep status and influencing factors among higher vocational college students,and to provide references for improving their sleep status.Methods In January and February,2022,a stratified random sampling method was utilized to enroll 3300 students from five higher vocational colleges in Wenjiang district of Chengdu city.All the participants were assessed using Insomnia Severity Index(ISI),Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item(PHQ-9)and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7(GAD-7).Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to test the correlation of ISI with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores,and the Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of insomnia symptom in higher vocational college students.Result Insomnia symptom was detected in 81.90%(2497/3300)of higher vocational college students.The detection rate of insomnia symptom among vocational college students yielded statistical difference in terms of gender,family socioeconomic status,being an only child or having siblings,degree of psychological pressure exerted by academic studies or job seeking,amount of hours spent on Internet per day,frequency of physical exercise,and the presence or absence of anxiety symptom and depression symptom (χ^(2)=21. 032, 22. 172, 8. 983, 75. 939, 36. 781, 32. 350, 54. 512, 86. 561, P<0. 01 or 0. 05). Among higher vocational college students, ISI score was positively correlated with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores (r=0. 620, 0. 714, P<0. 01), and GAD-7 score was positively correlated with PHQ-9 score (r=0. 824, P<0. 01). Gender, family socioeconomic status, degree of psychological pressure exerted by academic studies or job seeking, amount of hours spent on Internet per day, frequency of physical exercise, and the presence or absence of anxiety symptom and depression symptom were effective factors in predicting the insomnia symptom in higher vocational college students (P<0. 01 or 0. 05). Conclusion Female gender, average and below average family socioeconomic status, moderate-to-severe degree of psychological pressure exerted by academic studies or job seeking, spending 2~5 h, 5~7 h or >7 h on Internet per day, inadequate physical exercise and presence of depressive symptom are the risk factors for insomnia symptom in higher vocational college students.