古埃及中王国时期的家庭经济管理--以赫卡纳赫特纸草为依据

Household Economic Management During the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt-Based on the Heqanakht Papyrus

古埃及实行以国家为主导的再分配经济,但仍存在着私人经济活动,而占私人经济主要成分的就是家庭经济,有效的家庭经济管理推动了古埃及社会经济的有序运转。赫卡纳赫特纸草是中王国时期为数不多的记录家庭经济情况的重要文献。以赫卡纳赫特纸草为依据,以家庭经济管理为中心,观察一家之主赫卡纳赫特如何利用有限的人力和物质,统筹家庭资源并使之效用最大化,为了解古埃及社会经济发展提供一个案例。

Although the economic system of ancient Egypt was a redistributive economy dominated by the state,private economic activities still existed,and the household economy was the main component of the private economy,effective household economic management could promote the orderly operation of the social economy in ancient Egypt.The Heqanakht Papyrus was one of the few important documents that record the household economy during the Middle Kingdom.In order to provide a case study of social and economic development of ancient Egypt,we based on the Heqanakht Papyrus,focused on the household economic management,explored how Heqanakht,as the head of his family,used the limited human and material resources to coordinate family resources and maximize their effectiveness.