关键核心技术突破:概念辨析、影响因素与组织模式

Breakthrough in key-core technology:Concept Clarifications,influencing factors and organizational models

当前,在科技自立自强国家战略与关键核心技术被卡脖子的紧迫形势下,关键核心技术突破成为亟待破解的理论与现实难题,但未见研究专门探析关键核心技术突破的学理概念。立足于国家战略需求牵引与现实瓶颈破解,(1)基于现有研究与现实实践,提出了关键核心技术突破的学理概念,辨析了关键核心技术突破与突破性创新及颠覆性创新的异同,理清了关键核心技术突破的主要特征;(2)基于“企业特征”和“外部环境”两个层面,构建了关键核心技术突破的影响因素模型;(3)基于参与主体的视角,归纳并总结了以重大科技项目为主体、以国家科研机构为主体、以高水平研究型大学为主体、以领军企业为主体的四大类型关键核心技术突破组织模式。本研究拓展了关键核心技术突破的相关研究,并为中国企业开展关键核心技术攻关与突破的实践提供了启示。

At present,under the background of the national strategy of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology and under the urgent situation that key-core technologies are neck-stuck,breaking through key-core technologies has become a theoretical and practical problem that needs to be solved urgently.However,no research on the theoretical concept of key-core technology breakthrough has been found.Firstly,based on existing research and practices,this study defines and distinguishes the theoretical concept of key-core technology breakthrough,and describes the main characteristics of the process and mechanism of breakthrough in key-core technology.Secondly,this study constructed a model of influencing factors of key-core technology breakthrough from two aspects of"enterprise characteristics"and""external environment".Finally,based on the perspective of participating subjects,four major types of organizational models of key-core technology breakthrough is concluded and summarized,namely taking major scientific and technological projects as the main body,national scientific research institutions as the main body,high-level research-based universities as the main body,and leading enterprises as the main body.This study expands related research on key-core technology breakthrough,and provides enlightenment for the practice of Chinese enterprises to carry out key-core technology research and breakthroughs.