采摘期对陇南‘晋龙2号’核桃理化特征的影响

Effects of picking period on physicochemical characteristics of Jinlong 2 walnut from Longnan

为探明陇南‘晋龙2号’核桃果实的最佳采摘期,以‘晋龙2号’为供试品种,设置7个采摘期(2020年的7月24日、7月31日、8月7日、8月14日、8月21日、8月28日、9月4日),分别测定核桃表型特征,出仁率,核仁含水率、干基含油率,核桃油脂肪酸组成及含量等主要理化特征。结果表明:随着采摘期的推迟,青果单质量、湿果单质量、核仁鲜质量、核仁干质量呈先增加后下降并趋于稳定的变化趋势,核仁含水率逐渐减小,干基含油率先逐渐增大后趋于稳定,出仁率先逐渐增加后稍有降低,说明适当推迟采摘期有利于提高核桃产量和保证良好的核仁品质。采摘期对核桃油脂肪酸组成没有影响,但不同采摘期脂肪酸含量存在差异,且核桃油脂肪酸含量由大到小的顺序为亚油酸>油酸>亚麻酸>棕榈酸>硬脂酸>花生一烯酸。根据主成分综合得分可知,在9月4日采摘的‘晋龙2号’核桃其油脂处于较佳水平。

In order to explore the optimum picking period of Longnan Jinlong 2 walnut,the Jinlong 2 walnut was collected at seven picking periods(July 24th,July 31th,August 7th,August 14th,August 21th,August 28th,and September 4th,2020),and the main physicochemical characteristics such as phenotypic characteristics,kernel rate,moisture content and oil content(dry basis) of walnut kernel,and fatty acid composition and content of walnut oil were measured.The results showed that with the delay of the picking period,the green fruit weight,wet fruit weight,kernel fresh weight and kernel dry weight increased at first and then decreased and tended to be stable,and the moisture content of walnut kernel gradually decreased,the oil content(dry basis) gradually increased at first and then tended to be stable,and the kernel rate increased gradually and then decreased slightly,which indicated that delaying the picking period was beneficial to increase the yield of walnut and guarantee good quality of walnut kernel.The picking period had no effect on the fatty acid composition of walnut oil,but there were differences in the fatty acid content in different picking periods.The content of fatty acids in walnut oil in descending order was linoleic acidoleic acidlinolenic acidpalmitic acidstearic acideicosenoic acid.According to the comprehensive score of the main components,the oil of Jinlong 2 was at a better level on September 4th.