儿童青少年睑板腺形态异常相关因素分析

Analysis of Factors Associated with Abnormal Meibomian Gland Morphology in Children and Adolescents

目的:研究儿童青少年睑板腺形态异常的相关影响因素。方法:横断面研究。采用随机抽样的方法于2021年10月对淄博市桓台县2所学校149例学生(6~15岁)进行睑板腺形态检查。所有研究对象填写眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷和每日视频终端使用时间及每日读写时间。生物学指标测量包括身高、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)及屈光度。通过非侵入式眼表综合分析仪进行睑板腺缺失评分与睑板腺扭曲评分。分析睑板腺异常程度与年龄、性别、BMI、屈光度、OSDI、每日视频终端使用时长、每日读写时长的相关性。采用秩和检验及Logistic回归分析睑板腺形态异常的相关因素。结果:149例学生年龄为(9.6±2.2)岁。睑板腺形态异常的占比为71.1%。睑板腺缺失的占比为50.3%,缺失评分为0分占49.7%,1分占48.3%,2分占2.0%;睑板腺扭曲的占比为50.3%,睑板腺扭曲评分为0分占49.7%,1分占46.3%,2分占4.0%。Logistic分析结果显示,儿童青少年睑板腺形态异常与年龄≥12岁(OR=4.34,P=0.025)、OSDI得分(OR=1.11,P=0.030)相关。结论:大多数儿童青少年存在轻度睑板腺形态异常,并且睑板腺形态异常改变与年龄、OSDI有关。

Objective:To investigate the influence factors of abnormal meibomian gland morphology in children and adolescents.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.In October 2021,a random sampling method was adopted to select 149 students(6-15 years)from 2 schools in Huantai County,Zibo City for examination of meibomian gland morphology.All subjects completed the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire and daily video terminal use,daily reading and writing time.Biological parameters including height,weight,body mass index(BMI),and refraction were measured.The meibomian gland dropout scores and the gland tortuosity scores were assessed by a non-contact ocular surface analyzer.Correlation of age,gender,BMI,refraction,OSDI,daily video terminal use,and daily reading and writing time with meibomian gland morphology was analyzed.The influence factors associated with abnormal meibomian gland morphology were analyzed by rank sum test and logistic regression.Results:The mean age of the 149 students was 9.6±2.2 years.The percentage of abnormal meibomian gland morphology was 71.1%.The percentage of absent meibomian gland was 50.3%.Meibomian gland loss scores of all cases were as follows:grade 0:49.7%;grade 1:48.3%;grade 2:2.0%.The percentage of distortion of meibomian gland was 50.3%.The gland tortuosity scores in the upper eyelid of all cases were as follows:grade 0:49.7%;grade 1:46.3%;grade 2:4.0%.Binary logistic analysis showed that age≥12 years(OR=4.34,P=0.025)and OSDI score(OR=1.11,P=0.030)were associated with abnormal meibomian gland morphology in children and adolescents.Conclusions:This study revealed a relatively high level of mild meibomian gland absence or distortion in children and adolescents.Age and OSDI were correlated with morphological abnormality of the meibomian gland.