上海某养老院非卧床老年人肌少症患病率及相关危险因素探讨

The prevalence of sarcopenia and related risk factors in the ambulatory elderly in a nursing home in Shanghai

目的 探讨养老院非卧床老年人群肌少症患病率,分析相关危险因素。方法 对养老院所有老年人进行调查,回收有效资料553份,非卧床老人393例,其中男性139例,女性254例;年龄(85.9±6.2)岁。采用问卷调查收集基本信息、疾病史、膳食行为、饮水呛咳、剩余牙齿、生活自理能力、身体活动等,微型营养评价法精简版(MNA-SF量表)评判营养状况,SARC-F量表评判肌少症。结果 养老院非卧床老年人群肌少症总体患病率30.5%,男性和女性患病率分别为30.9%和30.3%。其中增龄、营养状况低下、进食糊状饮食、生活不能自理、认知能力降低、视力减退、身体活动减少、饮水呛咳、无额外加餐、不补充复合维生素或营养制剂,慢性疾病中有心脑血管疾病、精神疾病、骨关节疾病、骨质疏松是养老院老人肌少症筛查阳性发生的主要影响因素(P<0.05),其中增龄、营养状况低下、生活不能自理、身体活动减少、骨质疏松是影响肌少症发生的独立危险因素。结论 SARC-F量表可以快速、简单、有效筛查肌少症,适合在缺乏检测仪器的社区和养老院中推广应用。肌少症在养老院中患病率较高,增龄、营养状况低下、生活不能自理、身体活动减少、骨质疏松是影响肌少症发生的独立危险因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in the ambulatory elderly in a nursing home,and analyze the related risk factors.Methods All the elderly in nursing home were surveyed,and 553 valid data were collected,including 393 ambulatory elderly,139 males and 254 females.The average age was(85.9±6.2)years.Basic information,disease history,dietary habit,water coughing,remaining teeth,self-care ability,physical activity were collected by questionnaires.Nutritional status was judged by MNA-SF scale,Sarcopenia was judged by SARC-F scale.Results The prevalence of Sarcopenia was 30.5%,and the prevalence rates for men and women were 30.9%and 30.3%,respectively.Age,reduced nutritional status,eating mushy diet,unable to take care of himself,reduced cognitive function,decreased vision,reduced physical activity,water coughing,no additional meals,no multivitamins or nutritional preparations,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,mental diseases,history of fracture,and osteoporosis in chronic diseases were closely associated with Sarcopenia(P<0.05),of which age,reduced nutritional status,unable to take care of himself,reduced physical activity,and osteoporosis were independent risk factors of Sarcopenia in nursing home.Conclusions The SARC-F scale is a quick,simple and effective screen for Sarcopenia,and is suitable for popularization and application in communities and nursing homes lacking detection equipment.The prevalence of Sarcopenia is high in nursing homes.Age,reduced nutritional status,unable to take care of himself,reduced physical activity,and osteoporosis are the independent risk factors of Sarcopenia in nursing home.