社区韧性:社区风险治理中的结构张力及因应调适

Community Resilience:Structural Tension and Adaptation in Community Risk Governance

面对现代社会风险的扰动与冲击,提升社区韧性是社区风险治理变革的重要路径选择,也是推进新时代基层治理现代化的题中之义。不同于西方话语体系倡导减少政府干预、片面强调社区及个体治理责任的韧性理解,我国治理环境中的社区韧性,生成于以街道、居委会为轴心的政策资源网络以及各利益相关主体间的风险治理互动,即社区治理结构的抗风险能力是社区韧性形成的关键所在。当前阶段,我国社区对纵向行政资源吸纳、居委会应急兜底、高效政治动员等风险治理手段存在高度依赖,社区治理结构长期呈现“资源配置内卷化”“主体参与差序化”以及“治理体系互斥化”等内在张力,频繁引致风险共担失灵、社区韧性匮乏的治理窘境。有鉴于此,亟须通过推进冗余科学化、构建协同治理格局、健全联动处置机制、夯实韧性文化根基等因应风险,促进社区于风险情境下的结构调整与功能优化,从而有效化解社区治理结构中的内在张力,系统提升社区韧性水平。

In the face of the disturbance and impact of modern social risks,improving community resilienceis an important path choice for community risk governance reform,and it is also the meaning of promoting the modernization of grass-roots governance in the new era.Different from the understanding of resilience in the Western discourse system,which advocates reducing government intervention and unilaterally emphasizes the responsibility of community and individual governance,community resilience in China's governance environment is generated by the policy resource network centered on streets and neighborhood committees and the interaction of risk governance among various stakeholders,that is,the risk resistance of community governance structure is the key to the formation of community resilience.At the current stage,Chinese communities are highly dependent on means of risk governance such as vertical administrative resource absorption,emergency backstop of neighborhood committees,and strong political mobilization,and the community governance structure has long presented internal tensions such as"resource allocation internal","subject participation differential"and"governance system mutual exclusion",which frequently lead to the governance dilemma of risk sharing failure and lack of community resilience.In view of this,it is urgent to take measures such as promoting scientific redundancy,building a collaborative governance pattern,improving the linkage disposal mechanism,and consolidating the foundation of resilience culture as a response,so as to promote the structural adjustment and functional optimization of communities under risk situations.In this way,we can effectively resolve the inherent tension in the community governance structure and systematically improve the resilience level of communities.