单细胞测序技术在生殖医学中的应用及研究进展

Application and research progress of single cell sequencing technology in reproductive medicine

近年来单细胞测序技术快速发展,以所需细胞少、高通量、高灵敏度的优势,应用于人体各组织细胞的基因组测序、转录组测序,助力细胞间相互作用、细胞异质性的研究。在婚育观的改变、社会、环境等复杂因素的影响下,不孕不育的发病率逐年增高,如何保护人类生育力成为社会热点。单细胞测序技术在辅助生殖中的应用,从基因层面、表观遗传修饰更精准地揭示了生殖细胞的发育、成熟、衰老规律,阐释早期胚胎发育规律,解密生殖疾病的分子调控研究机制。本文就单细胞测序技术在生殖领域的应用进展作一综述,为进一步探索人类生殖系统发育轨迹、病理改变、分子调控机制、遗传诊断等方面提供参考。

In recent years,single cell sequencing technology has developed rapidly.With the advantages of few cells needed,high throughput and high sensitivity,it has been applied to genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of human tissues and cells to facilitate the research of cell interaction and cell heterogeneity.Under the influence of the complex factors such as the change of marriage and childbirth,social and environmental factors,the incidence rate of infertility has increased year by year.How to protect human fertility has become a social hot spot.The application of single cell sequencing technology in assisted reproduction reveals the development,maturation and aging laws of germ cells more accurately,explains the law of early embryonic development,decrypts the molecular regulation research mechanism of reproductive diseases from the genetic level and epigenetic modification.This article reviewed the application progress of single cell sequencing technology in the field of reproduction,in order to provide a reference for further exploring the development track,pathological changes,genetic diagnosis and molecular regulation mechanism of human reproductive system.